Apparatus, system and method of communicating a single carrier (sc) transmission

ABSTRACT

Some demonstrative embodiments include apparatus, system and method of communicating a Single Carrier (SC) transmission. For example, an apparatus of a SC Physical Layer (PHY) transmitter may include a spatial stream parser to distribute encoded bits of a Physical Layer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) Service Data Unit (PSDU) to a plurality of spatial streams; a plurality of constellation mappers to map encoded bits of the plurality of spatial streams into a respective plurality of streams of constellation symbols according to a constellation scheme; a Space Time Block Code (STBC) encoder to encode the plurality of streams of constellation symbols into SC symbol blocks over a plurality of space-time streams; and a transmit beamforming module to map the plurality of space-time streams to a plurality of transmit chains.

CROSS REFERENCE

This application claims the benefit of and priority from U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 62/364,424 entitled “APPARATUS,SYSTEM AND METHOD OF COMMUNICATING A SINGLE CARRIER (SC) TRANSMISSION”,filed Jul. 20, 2016, the entire disclosure of which is incorporatedherein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Embodiments described herein generally relate to communicating a singlecarrier (SC) transmission.

BACKGROUND

A wireless communication network in a millimeter-wave band may providehigh-speed data access for users of wireless communication devices.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For simplicity and clarity of illustration, elements shown in thefigures have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, thedimensions of some of the elements may be exaggerated relative to otherelements for clarity of presentation. Furthermore, reference numeralsmay be repeated among the figures to indicate corresponding or analogouselements. The figures are listed below.

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram illustration of a system, inaccordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a process flow of aMultiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) transmitter, in accordance withsome demonstrative embodiments.

FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a Single User (SU) transmitterarchitecture, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of a SU transmitter architecture, inaccordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a Multi User (MU) transmitterarchitecture, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of a MU transmitter architecture, inaccordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

FIG. 7 is a schematic flow-chart illustration of a method oftransmitting A Single Carrier (SC) transmission, in accordance with somedemonstrative embodiments.

FIG. 8 is a schematic illustration of a product of manufacture, inaccordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are setforth in order to provide a thorough understanding of some embodiments.However, it will be understood by persons of ordinary skill in the artthat some embodiments may be practiced without these specific details.In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, unitsand/or circuits have not been described in detail so as not to obscurethe discussion.

Discussions herein utilizing terms such as, for example, “processing”,“computing”, “calculating”, “determining”, “establishing”, “analyzing”,“checking”, or the like, may refer to operation(s) and/or process(es) ofa computer, a computing platform, a computing system, or otherelectronic computing device, that manipulate and/or transform datarepresented as physical (e.g., electronic) quantities within thecomputer's registers and/or memories into other data similarlyrepresented as physical quantities within the computer's registersand/or memories or other information storage medium that may storeinstructions to perform operations and/or processes.

The terms “plurality” and “a plurality”, as used herein, include, forexample, “multiple” or “two or more”. For example, “a plurality ofitems” includes two or more items.

References to “one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, “demonstrativeembodiment”, “various embodiments” etc., indicate that the embodiment(s)so described may include a particular feature, structure, orcharacteristic, but not every embodiment necessarily includes theparticular feature, structure, or characteristic. Further, repeated useof the phrase “in one embodiment” does not necessarily refer to the sameembodiment, although it may.

As used herein, unless otherwise specified the use of the ordinaladjectives “first”, “second”, “third” etc., to describe a common object,merely indicate that different instances of like objects are beingreferred to, and are not intended to imply that the objects so describedmust be in a given sequence, either temporally, spatially, in ranking,or in any other manner.

Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with various devices andsystems, for example, a User Equipment (UE), a Mobile Device (MD), awireless station (STA), a Personal Computer (PC), a desktop computer, amobile computer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a tabletcomputer, a server computer, a handheld computer, a handheld device, awearable device, a sensor device, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, aPersonal Digital Assistant (PDA) device, a handheld PDA device, anon-board device, an off-board device, a hybrid device, a vehiculardevice, a non-vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a consumerdevice, a non-mobile or non-portable device, a wireless communicationstation, a wireless communication device, a wireless Access Point (AP),a wired or wireless router, a wired or wireless modem, a video device,an audio device, an audio-video (A/V) device, a wired or wirelessnetwork, a wireless area network, a Wireless Video Area Network (WVAN),a Local Area Network (LAN), a Wireless LAN (WLAN), a Personal AreaNetwork (PAN), a Wireless PAN (WPAN), and the like.

Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with devices and/or networksoperating in accordance with existing IEEE 802.11 standards (includingIEEE 802.11-2012, IEEE Standard for Informationtechnology—Telecommunications and information exchange between systemsLocal and metropolitan area networks—Specific requirements Part 11:Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY)Specifications, Mar. 29, 2012; IEEE802.11ac-2013 (“IEEE P802.11ac-2013,IEEE Standard for Information Technology—Telecommunications andInformation Exchange Between Systems—Local and Metropolitan AreaNetworks—Specific Requirements—Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium AccessControl (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications—Amendment 4:Enhancements for Very High Throughput for Operation in Bands below 6GHz”, December, 2013); IEEE 802.11ad (“IEEE P802.11ad-2012, IEEEStandard for Information Technology—Telecommunications and InformationExchange Between Systems—Local and Metropolitan Area Networks—SpecificRequirements—Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) andPhysical Layer (PHY) Specifications—Amendment 3: Enhancements for VeryHigh Throughput in the 60 GHz Band”, 28 Dec. 2012); IEEE-802.11REVmc(“IEEE 802.11-REVmc™/D6.0, June 2016, draft standard for Informationtechnology—Telecommunications and information exchange between systemsLocal and metropolitan area networks Specific requirements; Part 11:Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY)Specification”); IEEE802.11-ay (P802.11ay Standard for InformationTechnology—Telecommunications and Information Exchange Between SystemsLocal and Metropolitan Area Networks—Specific Requirements Part 11:Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY)Specifications—Amendment: Enhanced Throughput for Operation inLicense-Exempt Bands Above 45 GHz)) and/or future versions and/orderivatives thereof, devices and/or networks operating in accordancewith existing WiFi Alliance (WFA) Peer-to-Peer (P2P) specifications(including WiFi P2P technical specification, version 1.5, Aug. 4, 2015)and/or future versions and/or derivatives thereof, devices and/ornetworks operating in accordance with existing Wireless-Gigabit-Alliance(WGA) specifications (including Wireless Gigabit Alliance, Inc WiGig MACand PHY Specification Version 1.1, April 2011, Final specification)and/or future versions and/or derivatives thereof, devices and/ornetworks operating in accordance with existing cellular specificationsand/or protocols, e.g., 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), 3GPPLong Term Evolution (LTE) and/or future versions and/or derivativesthereof, units and/or devices which are part of the above networks, andthe like.

Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one way and/or two-wayradio communication systems, cellular radio-telephone communicationsystems, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a wireless telephone, aPersonal Communication Systems (PCS) device, a PDA device whichincorporates a wireless communication device, a mobile or portableGlobal Positioning System (GPS) device, a device which incorporates aGPS receiver or transceiver or chip, a device which incorporates an RFIDelement or chip, a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) transceiver ordevice, a Single Input Multiple Output (SIMO) transceiver or device, aMultiple Input Single Output (MISO) transceiver or device, a devicehaving one or more internal antennas and/or external antennas, DigitalVideo Broadcast (DVB) devices or systems, multi-standard radio devicesor systems, a wired or wireless handheld device, e.g., a Smartphone, aWireless Application Protocol (WAP) device, or the like.

Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one or more types ofwireless communication signals and/or systems, for example, RadioFrequency (RF), Infra Red (IR), Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM),Orthogonal FDM (OFDM), Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access(OFDMA), FDM Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM), Time-Division MultipleAccess (TDMA), Multi-User MIMO (MU-MIMO), Spatial Division MultipleAccess (SDMA), Extended TDMA (E-TDMA), General Packet Radio Service(GPRS), extended GPRS, Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA), WidebandCDMA (WCDMA), CDMA 2000, single-carrier CDMA, multi-carrier CDMA,Multi-Carrier Modulation (MDM), Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT), Bluetooth®,Global Positioning System (GPS), Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, ZigBee™, Ultra-Wideband(UWB), Global System for Mobile communication (GSM), 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 3.5G,4G, Fifth Generation (5G), or Sixth Generation (6G) mobile networks,3GPP, Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE advanced, Enhanced Data rates forGSM Evolution (EDGE), or the like. Other embodiments may be used invarious other devices, systems and/or networks.

The term “wireless device”, as used herein, includes, for example, adevice capable of wireless communication, a communication device capableof wireless communication, a communication station capable of wirelesscommunication, a portable or non-portable device capable of wirelesscommunication, or the like. In some demonstrative embodiments, awireless device may be or may include a peripheral that is integratedwith a computer, or a peripheral that is attached to a computer. In somedemonstrative embodiments, the term “wireless device” may optionallyinclude a wireless service.

The term “communicating” as used herein with respect to a communicationsignal includes transmitting the communication signal and/or receivingthe communication signal. For example, a communication unit, which iscapable of communicating a communication signal, may include atransmitter to transmit the communication signal to at least one othercommunication unit, and/or a communication receiver to receive thecommunication signal from at least one other communication unit. Theverb communicating may be used to refer to the action of transmitting orthe action of receiving. In one example, the phrase “communicating asignal” may refer to the action of transmitting the signal by a firstdevice, and may not necessarily include the action of receiving thesignal by a second device. In another example, the phrase “communicatinga signal” may refer to the action of receiving the signal by a firstdevice, and may not necessarily include the action of transmitting thesignal by a second device. The communication signal may be transmittedand/or received, for example, in the form of Radio Frequency (RF)communication signals, and/or any other type of signal.

As used herein, the term “circuitry” may refer to, be part of, orinclude, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), anintegrated circuit, an electronic circuit, a processor (shared,dedicated, or group), and/or memory (shared, dedicated, or group), thatexecute one or more software or firmware programs, a combinational logiccircuit, and/or other suitable hardware components that provide thedescribed functionality. In some embodiments, the circuitry may beimplemented in, or functions associated with the circuitry may beimplemented by, one or more software or firmware modules. In someembodiments, circuitry may include logic, at least partially operable inhardware.

The term “logic” may refer, for example, to computing logic embedded incircuitry of a computing apparatus and/or computing logic stored in amemory of a computing apparatus. For example, the logic may beaccessible by a processor of the computing apparatus to execute thecomputing logic to perform computing functions and/or operations. In oneexample, logic may be embedded in various types of memory and/orfirmware, e.g., silicon blocks of various chips and/or processors. Logicmay be included in, and/or implemented as part of, various circuitry,e.g. radio circuitry, receiver circuitry, control circuitry, transmittercircuitry, transceiver circuitry, processor circuitry, and/or the like.In one example, logic may be embedded in volatile memory and/ornon-volatile memory, including random access memory, read only memory,programmable memory, magnetic memory, flash memory, persistent memory,and the like. Logic may be executed by one or more processors usingmemory, e.g., registers, stuck, buffers, and/or the like, coupled to theone or more processors, e.g., as necessary to execute the logic.

Some demonstrative embodiments may be used in conjunction with a WLAN,e.g., a WiFi network. Other embodiments may be used in conjunction withany other suitable wireless communication network, for example, awireless area network, a “piconet”, a WPAN, a WVAN and the like.

Some demonstrative embodiments may be used in conjunction with awireless communication network communicating over a frequency band of 60GHz. However, other embodiments may be implemented utilizing any othersuitable wireless communication frequency bands, for example, anExtremely High Frequency (EHF) band (the millimeter wave (mmWave)frequency band), e.g., a frequency band within the frequency band ofbetween 20 Ghz and 300 GHZ, a frequency band above 45 GHZ, a frequencyband below 20 GHZ, e.g., a Sub 1 GHZ (S1G) band, a 2.4 GHz band, a 5 GHZband, a WLAN frequency band, a WPAN frequency band, a frequency bandaccording to the WGA specification, and the like.

The term “antenna”, as used herein, may include any suitableconfiguration, structure and/or arrangement of one or more antennaelements, components, units, assemblies and/or arrays. In someembodiments, the antenna may implement transmit and receivefunctionalities using separate transmit and receive antenna elements. Insome embodiments, the antenna may implement transmit and receivefunctionalities using common and/or integrated transmit/receiveelements. The antenna may include, for example, a phased array antenna,a single element antenna, a set of switched beam antennas, and/or thelike.

The phrases “directional multi-gigabit (DMG)” and “directional band”(DBand), as used herein, may relate to a frequency band wherein theChannel starting frequency is above 45 GHz. In one example, DMGcommunications may involve one or more directional links to communicateat a rate of multiple gigabits per second, for example, at least 1Gigabit per second, e.g., at least 7 Gigabit per second, at least 30Gigabit per second, or any other rate.

Some demonstrative embodiments may be implemented by a DMG STA (alsoreferred to as a “mmWave STA (mSTA)”), which may include for example, aSTA having a radio transmitter, which is capable of operating on achannel that is within the DMG band. The DMG STA may perform otheradditional or alternative functionality. Other embodiments may beimplemented by any other apparatus, device and/or station.

Reference is made to FIG. 1, which schematically illustrates a system100, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

As shown in FIG. 1, in some demonstrative embodiments, system 100 mayinclude one or more wireless communication devices. For example, system100 may include a wireless communication device 102, a wirelesscommunication device 140, and/or one more other devices.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may include amobile device or a non-mobile, e.g., a static, device.

For example, devices 102 and/or 140 may include, for example, a UE, anMD, a STA, an AP, a PC, a desktop computer, a mobile computer, a laptopcomputer, an Ultrabook™ computer, a notebook computer, a tabletcomputer, a server computer, a handheld computer, an Internet of Things(IoT) device, a sensor device, a handheld device, a wearable device, aPDA device, a handheld PDA device, an on-board device, an off-boarddevice, a hybrid device (e.g., combining cellular phone functionalitieswith PDA device functionalities), a consumer device, a vehicular device,a non-vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a non-mobile ornon-portable device, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a PCS device,a PDA device which incorporates a wireless communication device, amobile or portable GPS device, a DVB device, a relatively smallcomputing device, a non-desktop computer, a “Carry Small Live Large”(CSLL) device, an Ultra Mobile Device (UMD), an Ultra Mobile PC (UMPC),a Mobile Internet Device (MID), an “Origami” device or computing device,a device that supports Dynamically Composable Computing (DCC), acontext-aware device, a video device, an audio device, an A/V device, aSet-Top-Box (STB), a Blu-ray disc (BD) player, a BD recorder, a DigitalVideo Disc (DVD) player, a High Definition (HD) DVD player, a DVDrecorder, a HD DVD recorder, a Personal Video Recorder (PVR), abroadcast HD receiver, a video source, an audio source, a video sink, anaudio sink, a stereo tuner, a broadcast radio receiver, a flat paneldisplay, a Personal Media Player (PMP), a digital video camera (DVC), adigital audio player, a speaker, an audio receiver, an audio amplifier,a gaming device, a data source, a data sink, a Digital Still camera(DSC), a media player, a Smartphone, a television, a music player, orthe like.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include, for example,one or more of a processor 191, an input unit 192, an output unit 193, amemory unit 194, and/or a storage unit 195; and/or device 140 mayinclude, for example, one or more of a processor 181, an input unit 182,an output unit 183, a memory unit 184, and/or a storage unit 185.Devices 102 and/or 140 may optionally include other suitable hardwarecomponents and/or software components. In some demonstrativeembodiments, some or all of the components of one or more of devices 102and/or 140 may be enclosed in a common housing or packaging, and may beinterconnected or operably associated using one or more wired orwireless links. In other embodiments, components of one or more ofdevices 102 and/or 140 may be distributed among multiple or separatedevices.

In some demonstrative embodiments, processor 191 and/or processor 181may include, for example, a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a DigitalSignal Processor (DSP), one or more processor cores, a single-coreprocessor, a dual-core processor, a multiple-core processor, amicroprocessor, a host processor, a controller, a plurality ofprocessors or controllers, a chip, a microchip, one or more circuits,circuitry, a logic unit, an Integrated Circuit (IC), anApplication-Specific IC (ASIC), or any other suitable multi-purpose orspecific processor or controller. Processor 191 may executeinstructions, for example, of an Operating System (OS) of device 102and/or of one or more suitable applications. Processor 181 may executeinstructions, for example, of an Operating System (OS) of device 140and/or of one or more suitable applications.

In some demonstrative embodiments, input unit 192 and/or input unit 182may include, for example, a keyboard, a keypad, a mouse, a touch-screen,a touch-pad, a track-ball, a stylus, a microphone, or other suitablepointing device or input device. Output unit 193 and/or output unit 183may include, for example, a monitor, a screen, a touch-screen, a flatpanel display, a Light Emitting Diode (LED) display unit, a LiquidCrystal Display (LCD) display unit, a plasma display unit, one or moreaudio speakers or earphones, or other suitable output devices.

In some demonstrative embodiments, memory unit 194 and/or memory unit184 includes, for example, a Random Access Memory (RAM), a Read OnlyMemory (ROM), a Dynamic RAM (DRAM), a Synchronous DRAM (SD-RAM), a flashmemory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, a cache memory, abuffer, a short term memory unit, a long term memory unit, or othersuitable memory units. Storage unit 195 and/or storage unit 185 mayinclude, for example, a hard disk drive, a floppy disk drive, a CompactDisk (CD) drive, a CD-ROM drive, a DVD drive, or other suitableremovable or non-removable storage units. Memory unit 194 and/or storageunit 195, for example, may store data processed by device 102. Memoryunit 184 and/or storage unit 185, for example, may store data processedby device 140.

In some demonstrative embodiments, wireless communication devices 102and/or 140 may be capable of communicating content, data, informationand/or signals via a wireless medium (WM) 103. In some demonstrativeembodiments, wireless medium 103 may include, for example, a radiochannel, a cellular channel, an RF channel, a WiFi channel, an IRchannel, a Bluetooth (BT) channel, a Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS) Channel, and the like.

In some demonstrative embodiments, WM 103 may include one or moredirectional bands and/or channels. For example, WM 103 may include oneor more millimeter-wave (mmWave) wireless communication bands and/orchannels.

In some demonstrative embodiments, WM 103 may include one or more DMGchannels. In other embodiments WM 103 may include any other directionalchannels.

In other embodiments, WM 103 may include any other type of channel overany other frequency band.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 mayinclude one or more radios including circuitry and/or logic to performwireless communication between devices 102, 140 and/or one or more otherwireless communication devices. For example, device 102 may include atleast one radio 114, and/or device 140 may include at least one radio144.

In some demonstrative embodiments, radio 114 and/or radio 144 mayinclude one or more wireless receivers (Rx) including circuitry and/orlogic to receive wireless communication signals, RF signals, frames,blocks, transmission streams, packets, messages, data items, and/ordata. For example, radio 114 may include at least one receiver 116,and/or radio 144 may include at least one receiver 146.

In some demonstrative embodiments, radio 114 and/or radio 144 mayinclude one or more wireless transmitters (Tx) including circuitryand/or logic to transmit wireless communication signals, RF signals,frames, blocks, transmission streams, packets, messages, data items,and/or data. For example, radio 114 may include at least one transmitter118, and/or radio 144 may include at least one transmitter 148.

In some demonstrative embodiments, radio 114 and/or radio 144,transmitters 118 and/or 148, and/or receivers 116 and/or 146 may includecircuitry; logic; Radio Frequency (RF) elements, circuitry and/or logic;baseband elements, circuitry and/or logic; modulation elements,circuitry and/or logic; demodulation elements, circuitry and/or logic;amplifiers; analog to digital and/or digital to analog converters;filters; and/or the like. For example, radio 114 and/or radio 144 mayinclude or may be implemented as part of a wireless Network InterfaceCard (NIC), and the like.

In some demonstrative embodiments, radios 114 and/or 144 may beconfigured to communicate over a directional band, for example, anmmWave band, and/or any other band, for example, a 2.4 GHz band, a 5 GHzband, a S1G band, and/or any other band.

In some demonstrative embodiments, radios 114 and/or 144 may include, ormay be associated with one or more, e.g., a plurality of, directionalantennas.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include one or more,e.g., a plurality of, directional antennas 107, and/or device 140 mayinclude on or more, e.g., a plurality of, directional antennas 147.

Antennas 107 and/or 147 may include any type of antennas suitable fortransmitting and/or receiving wireless communication signals, blocks,frames, transmission streams, packets, messages and/or data. Forexample, antennas 107 and/or 147 may include any suitable configuration,structure and/or arrangement of one or more antenna elements,components, units, assemblies and/or arrays. Antennas 107 and/or 147 mayinclude, for example, antennas suitable for directional communication,e.g., using beamforming techniques. For example, antennas 107 and/or 147may include a phased array antenna, a multiple element antenna, a set ofswitched beam antennas, and/or the like. In some embodiments, antennas107 and/or 147 may implement transmit and receive functionalities usingseparate transmit and receive antenna elements. In some embodiments,antennas 107 and/or 147 may implement transmit and receivefunctionalities using common and/or integrated transmit/receiveelements.

In some demonstrative embodiments, antennas 107 and/or 147 may includedirectional antennas, which may be steered to one or more beamdirections. For example, antennas 107 may be steered to one or more beamdirections 135, and/or antennas 147 may be steered to one or more beamdirections 145.

In some demonstrative embodiments, antennas 107 and/or 147 may includeand/or may be implemented as part of a single Phased Antenna Array(PAA).

In some demonstrative embodiments, antennas 107 and/or 147 may beimplemented as part of a plurality of PAAs, for example, as a pluralityof physically independent PAAs.

In some demonstrative embodiments, a PAA may include, for example, arectangular geometry, e.g., including an integer number, denoted M, ofrows, and an integer number, denoted N, of columns. In otherembodiments, any other types of antennas and/or antenna arrays may beused.

In some demonstrative embodiments, antennas 107 and/or antennas 147 maybe connected to, and/or associated with, one or more Radio Frequency(RF) chains.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include one or more,e.g., a plurality of, RF chains 109 connected to, and/or associatedwith, antennas 107.

In some demonstrative embodiments, one or more of RF chains 109 may beincludes as part of, and/or implemented as part of one or more elementsof radio 114, e.g., as part of transmitter 118 and/or receiver 116.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 140 may include one or more,e.g., a plurality of, RF chains 149 connected to, and/or associatedwith, antennas 147.

In some demonstrative embodiments, one or more of RF chains 149 may beincludes as part of, and/or implemented as part of one or more elementsof radio 144, e.g., as part of transmitter 148 and/or receiver 146.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include a controller124, and/or device 140 may include a controller 154. Controller 124 maybe configured to perform and/or to trigger, cause, instruct and/orcontrol device 102 to perform, one or more communications, to generateand/or communicate one or more messages and/or transmissions, and/or toperform one or more functionalities, operations and/or proceduresbetween devices 102, 140 and/or one or more other devices; and/orcontroller 154 may be configured to perform, and/or to trigger, cause,instruct and/or control device 140 to perform, one or morecommunications, to generate and/or communicate one or more messagesand/or transmissions, and/or to perform one or more functionalities,operations and/or procedures between devices 102, 140 and/or one or moreother devices, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controllers 124 and/or 154 mayinclude, or may be implemented, partially or entirely, by circuitryand/or logic, e.g., one or more processors including circuitry and/orlogic, memory circuitry and/or logic, Media-Access Control (MAC)circuitry and/or logic, Physical Layer (PHY) circuitry and/or logic,baseband (BB) circuitry and/or logic, a BB processor, a BB memory,Application Processor (AP) circuitry and/or logic, an AP processor, anAP memory, and/or any other circuitry and/or logic, configured toperform the functionality of controllers 124 and/or 154, respectively.Additionally or alternatively, one or more functionalities ofcontrollers 124 and/or 154 may be implemented by logic, which may beexecuted by a machine and/or one or more processors, e.g., as describedbelow.

In one example, controller 124 may include circuitry and/or logic, forexample, one or more processors including circuitry and/or logic, tocause, trigger and/or control a wireless device, e.g., device 102,and/or a wireless station, e.g., a wireless STA implemented by device102, to perform one or more operations, communications and/orfunctionalities, e.g., as described herein.

In one example, controller 154 may include circuitry and/or logic, forexample, one or more processors including circuitry and/or logic, tocause, trigger and/or control a wireless device, e.g., device 140,and/or a wireless station, e.g., a wireless STA implemented by device140, to perform one or more operations, communications and/orfunctionalities, e.g., as described herein.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may include a messageprocessor 128 configured to generate, process and/or access one ormessages communicated by device 102.

In one example, message processor 128 may be configured to generate oneor more messages to be transmitted by device 102, and/or messageprocessor 128 may be configured to access and/or to process one or moremessages received by device 102, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 140 may include a messageprocessor 158 configured to generate, process and/or access one ormessages communicated by device 140.

In one example, message processor 158 may be configured to generate oneor more messages to be transmitted by device 140, and/or messageprocessor 158 may be configured to access and/or to process one or moremessages received by device 140, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, message processors 128 and/or 158 mayinclude, or may be implemented, partially or entirely, by circuitryand/or logic, e.g., one or more processors including circuitry and/orlogic, memory circuitry and/or logic, Media-Access Control (MAC)circuitry and/or logic, Physical Layer (PHY) circuitry and/or logic, BBcircuitry and/or logic, a BB processor, a BB memory, AP circuitry and/orlogic, an AP processor, an AP memory, and/or any other circuitry and/orlogic, configured to perform the functionality of message processors 128and/or 158, respectively. Additionally or alternatively, one or morefunctionalities of message processors 128 and/or 158 may be implementedby logic, which may be executed by a machine and/or one or moreprocessors, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, at least part of the functionality ofmessage processor 128 may be implemented as part of radio 114, and/or atleast part of the functionality of message processor 158 may beimplemented as part of radio 144.

In some demonstrative embodiments, at least part of the functionality ofmessage processor 128 may be implemented as part of controller 124,and/or at least part of the functionality of message processor 158 maybe implemented as part of controller 154.

In other embodiments, the functionality of message processor 128 may beimplemented as part of any other element of device 102, and/or thefunctionality of message processor 158 may be implemented as part of anyother element of device 140.

In some demonstrative embodiments, at least part of the functionality ofcontroller 124 and/or message processor 128 may be implemented by anintegrated circuit, for example, a chip, e.g., a System on Chip (SoC).In one example, the chip or SoC may be configured to perform one or morefunctionalities of radio 114. For example, the chip or SoC may includeone or more elements of controller 124, one or more elements of messageprocessor 128, and/or one or more elements of radio 114.

In one example, controller 124, message processor 128, and radio 114 maybe implemented as part of the chip or SoC.

In other embodiments, controller 124, message processor 128 and/or radio114 may be implemented by one or more additional or alternative elementsof device 102.

In some demonstrative embodiments, at least part of the functionality ofcontroller 154 and/or message processor 158 may be implemented by anintegrated circuit, for example, a chip, e.g., a System on Chip (SoC).In one example, the chip or SoC may be configured to perform one or morefunctionalities of radio 144. For example, the chip or SoC may includeone or more elements of controller 154, one or more elements of messageprocessor 158, and/or one or more elements of radio 144. In one example,controller 154, message processor 158, and radio 144 may be implementedas part of the chip or SoC.

In other embodiments, controller 154, message processor 158 and/or radio144 may be implemented by one or more additional or alternative elementsof device 140.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 mayinclude, operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one or morefunctionalities of, one or more STAs. For example, device 102 mayinclude at least one STA, and/or device 140 may include at least oneSTA.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 mayinclude, operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one or morefunctionalities of, one or more DMG STAs. For example, device 102 mayinclude, operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one or morefunctionalities of, at least one DMG STA, and/or device 140 may include,operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one or morefunctionalities of, at least one DMG STA.

In other embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may include, operate as,perform the role of, and/or perform one or more functionalities of, anyother wireless device and/or station, e.g., a WLAN STA, a WiFi STA, andthe like.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 may beconfigured operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one or morefunctionalities of, an access point (AP), e.g., a DMG AP, and/or apersonal basic service set (PBSS) control point (PCP), e.g., a DMG PCP,for example, an AP/PCP STA, e.g., a DMG AP/PCP STA.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 may beconfigured to operate as, perform the role of, and/or perform one ormore functionalities of, a non-AP STA, e.g., a DMG non-AP STA, and/or anon-PCP STA, e.g., a DMG non-PCP STA, for example, a non-AP/PCP STA,e.g., a DMG non-AP/PCP STA.

In other embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 may operate as,perform the role of, and/or perform one or more functionalities of, anyother additional or alternative device and/or station.

In one example, a station (STA) may include a logical entity that is asingly addressable instance of a medium access control (MAC) andphysical layer (PHY) interface to the wireless medium (WM). The STA mayperform any other additional or alternative functionality.

In one example, an AP may include an entity that contains a station(STA), e.g., one STA, and provides access to distribution services, viathe wireless medium (WM) for associated STAs. The AP may perform anyother additional or alternative functionality.

In one example, a personal basic service set (PBSS) control point (PCP)may include an entity that contains a STA, e.g., one station (STA), andcoordinates access to the wireless medium (WM) by STAs that are membersof a PBSS. The PCP may perform any other additional or alternativefunctionality.

In one example, a PBSS may include a directional multi-gigabit (DMG)basic service set (BSS) that includes, for example, one PBSS controlpoint (PCP). For example, access to a distribution system (DS) may notbe present, but, for example, an intra-PBSS forwarding service mayoptionally be present.

In one example, a PCP/AP STA may include a station (STA) that is atleast one of a PCP or an AP. The PCP/AP STA may perform any otheradditional or alternative functionality.

In one example, a non-AP STA may include a STA that is not containedwithin an AP. The non-AP STA may perform any other additional oralternative functionality.

In one example, a non-PCP STA may include a STA that is not a PCP. Thenon-PCP STA may perform any other additional or alternativefunctionality.

In one example, a non PCP/AP STA may include a STA that is not a PCP andthat is not an AP. The non-PCP/AP STA may perform any other additionalor alternative functionality.

In some demonstrative embodiments devices 102 and/or 140 may beconfigured to communicate over a Next Generation 60 GHz (NG60) network,an Extended DMG (EDMG) network, and/or any other network. For example,devices 102 and/or 140 may perform Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO)communication, for example, for communicating over the NG60 and/or EDMGnetworks, e.g., over an NG60 or an EDMG frequency band.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may beconfigured to operate in accordance with one or more Specifications, forexample, including, one or more IEEE 802.11 Specifications, e.g., anIEEE 802.11ad Specification, an IEEE 802.11REVmc Specification, an IEEE802.11ay Specification, and/or any other specification and/or protocol.

Some demonstrative embodiments may be implemented, for example, as partof a new standard in an mmWave band, e.g., a 60 GHz frequency band orany other directional band, for example, as an evolution of an IEEE802.11ad Specification.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may beconfigured according to one or more standards, for example, inaccordance with an IEEE 802.11ay Standard, which may be, for example,configured to enhance the efficiency and/or performance of an IEEE802.11ad Specification, which may be configured to provide Wi-Ficonnectivity in a 60 GHz band.

Some demonstrative embodiments may enable, for example, to significantlyincrease the data transmission rates defined in the IEEE 802.11adSpecification, for example, from 7 Gigabit per second (Gbps), e.g., upto 30 Gbps, or to any other data rate, which may, for example, satisfygrowing demand in network capacity for new coming applications.

Some demonstrative embodiments may be implemented, for example, to allowincreasing a transmission data rate, for example, by applying MIMOand/or channel bonding techniques.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may beconfigured to communicate MIMO communications over the mmWave wirelesscommunication band.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 may beconfigured to support one or more mechanisms and/or features, forexample, channel bonding, Single User (SU) MIMO, and/or Multi-User (MU)MIMO, for example, in accordance with an IEEE 802.11ay Standard and/orany other standard and/or protocol.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 mayinclude, operate as, perform a role of, and/or perform the functionalityof, one or more EDMG STAs. For example, device 102 may include, operateas, perform a role of, and/or perform the functionality of, at least oneEDMG STA, and/or device 140 may include, operate as, perform a role of,and/or perform the functionality of, at least one EDMG STA.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may implementa communication scheme, which may include Physical layer (PHY) and/orMedia Access Control (MAC) layer schemes, for example, to support one ormore applications, and/or increased transmission data rates, e.g., datarates of up to 30 Gbps, or any other data rate.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the PHY and/or MAC layer schemes maybe configured to support frequency channel bonding over a mmWave band,e.g., over a 60 GHz band, SU MIMO techniques, and/or MU MIMO techniques.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may beconfigured to implement one or more mechanisms, which may be configuredto enable SU and/or MU communication of Downlink (DL) and/or Uplinkframes (UL) using a MIMO scheme.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 may beconfigured to implement one or more MU communication mechanisms. Forexample, devices 102 and/or 140 may be configured to implement one ormore MU mechanisms, which may be configured to enable MU communicationof DL frames using a MIMO scheme, for example, between a device, e.g.,device 102, and a plurality of devices, e.g., including device 140and/or one or more other devices.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may beconfigured to communicate over an NG60 network, an EDMG network, and/orany other network and/or any other frequency band. For example, devices102 and/or 140 may be configured to communicate DL MIMO transmissionsand/or UL MIMO transmissions, for example, for communicating over theNG60 and/or EDMG networks.

Some wireless communication Specifications, for example, the IEEE802.11ad-2012 Specification, may be configured to support a SU system,in which a STA may transmit frames to a single STA at a time. SuchSpecifications may not be able, for example, to support a STAtransmitting to multiple STAs simultaneously, for example, using aMU-MIMO scheme, e.g., a DL MU-MIMO, or any other MU scheme.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may beconfigured to implement one or more mechanisms, which may, for example,enable to extend a single-channel BW scheme, e.g., a scheme inaccordance with the IEEE 802.11ad Specification or any other scheme, forhigher data rates and/or increased capabilities, e.g., as describedbelow.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may beconfigured to implement one or more channel bonding mechanisms, whichmay, for example, support communication over bonded channels.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the channel bonding mechanisms mayinclude, for example, a mechanism and/or an operation whereby two ormore channels can be combined, e.g., for a higher bandwidth of packettransmission, for example, to enable achieving higher data rates, e.g.,when compared to transmissions over a single channel. Some demonstrativeembodiments are described herein with respect to communication over abonded channel, however other embodiments may be implemented withrespect to communications over a channel, e.g., a “wide” channel,including or formed by two or more channels, for example, an aggregatedchannel including an aggregation of two or more channels.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 and/or device 140 may beconfigured to implement one or more channel bonding mechanisms, whichmay, for example, support an increased channel bandwidth, for example, achannel BW of 4.32 GHz, a channel BW of 6.48 GHz, and/or any otheradditional or alternative channel BW.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may implementa transmitter architecture configured to process one or more portions ofa frame, for example, at least a data part, e.g., at least a PhysicalLayer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) Service Data Unit (PSDU), of a frame,e.g., for a Single Carrier (SC) Physical Layer (PHY), e.g., as describedbelow.

In some demonstrative embodiments, for example, transmitter 118 mayinclude a SC PHY configured to process one or more SC transmissions tobe transmitted by device 102, for example, according to a SCtransmission scheme; and/or transmitter 148 may include a SC PHYconfigured to process one or more SC transmissions to be transmitted bydevice 140, for example, according to a SC transmission scheme, e.g., asdescribed below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter 118 may implement atransmitter architecture, which may be configured, for example, toprocess one or more portions of a frame, e.g., at least the PSDU of theframe, for example, for one or more SC PHY elements of transmitter 118,e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may implement a SingleUser (SU) transmitter architecture configured to process a SUtransmission, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter 118 may implement atransmitter 118SU transmitter architecture configured to process the SUtransmission, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, device 102 may implement a Multi User(MU) transmitter architecture configured to process a MU transmission,e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter 118 may implement atransmitter 118MU transmitter architecture configured to process the MUtransmission, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, a transmitter architecture, e.g., theSU and/or the MU transmitter architecture, may be configured to beimplemented, for example, in accordance with a future IEEE 802.11aySpecification.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the transmitter architecture oftransmitter 118 may be configured to support, for example, at leastSingle Input Single Output (SISO), Multiple Input Multiple Output(MIMO), channel bonding, and/or channel aggregation techniques, e.g., asdescribed below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, for example, in case of a MIMOtransmission, the transmitter architecture of transmitter 118 may beconfigured to apply a Space Time Block Coding (STBC) scheme, and/or atransmit beamforming or digital precoding scheme, e.g., as describedbelow.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the transmitter architecture oftransmitter 118 may be configured to support a SC symbol blockingstructure, e.g., for SC PHY.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the transmitter architecture oftransmitter 118 may be configured to support an STBC symbol blockingstructure, e.g., for SC PHY.

In some demonstrative embodiments, definition, configuration and/orimplementation of a transmitter architecture, which may be able tosupport SU and/or MU transmission using a SC PHY, may be different from,and/or may not be straightforward in view of, a transmitter architecturefor an OFDM PHY.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may implementa SU transmitter architecture configured to process a SU transmissionfor SC PHY, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter 118 may implement a SUtransmitter architecture, which may be configured to support a SUtransmission with a SC PHY, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter 118 may implement a SUtransmitter architecture, which may include a MIMO transmitterarchitecture. For example, the MIMO transmitter architecture may beimplemented, for example, in accordance with one or more designprinciples developed in a legacy IEEE 802.11ac Standard, and/or based onone or more additional or alternative design principles.

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter 118 may include, and/ormay be configured to perform and/or apply, for example, one or moretransformations, operations and/or processes, for example, at least to adata part, e.g., a PSDU.

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter 118 may include, and/ormay be configured to perform and/or apply, for example, at least threetransformations and/or processes, for example, at least to the PSDU,e.g., as described below. In other embodiments, transmitter 118 mayimplement any other number of transformations, and/or operations, and/ormay include one or more additional or alternative transformations and/oroperations.

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter 118 may be configured toat least encode a PSDU, modulate the PSDU, and/or map the PSDU to aplurality of spatial streams, for example, including N_(SS) spatialstreams, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter 118 may be configured totransform the N_(SS) spatial streams into a plurality of space-timestreams, for example, including N_(STS) space-time streams, e.g., asdescribed below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter 118 may be configured toassign the N_(STS) space-time streams to a plurality of transmit chains,for example, including N_(TX) transmit chains of RF chains 109, e.g., asdescribed below.

Reference is made to FIG. 2, which schematically illustrates a processflow 200 of a MIMO transmitter, in accordance with some demonstrativeembodiments. For example, transmitter 1188 (FIG. 1) may perform one ormore operations and/or functionalities of process flow 200, e.g., asdescribed below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2, process flow 200may include a plurality of transformations, for example, including atleast three transformations. In other embodiments, process flow 200 mayimplement any other number of transformations, and/or operations, and/ormay include one or more additional or alternative transformations and/oroperations.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2, process flow 200may include, e.g., as part of a first process and/or transformation 202,encoding, modulating, and/or mapping a PSDU 201, e.g., in the form of aserial sequence of PSDU bits, to a plurality of spatial streams 203, forexample, including N_(SS) spatial streams.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2, process flow 200may include, e.g., as part of a second process and/or transformation204, transforming the plurality of spatial streams 203 into a pluralityof space-time streams 205, for example, including N_(STS) space-timestreams.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 2, process flow 200may include, e.g., as part of a third process and/or transformation 204,assigning the plurality of space-time streams 205 to a plurality oftransmit chains 207, for example, including N_(TX) transmit chains,e.g., N_(TX) transmit chains of RF chains 109 (FIG. 1).

Referring back to FIG. 1, in some demonstrative embodiments devices 102and/or 140 may be configured to implement a transmitter architecture(also referred to as “SC PHY transmitter”), which may be configured tosupport one or more SC PHY transmitter features, e.g., as describedbelow. For example, transmitter 118 may include a SC PHY transmitterarchitecture, which may be configured to support one or more SC PHYtransmitter features of transmitter 118, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter 118 and/or transmitter148 may implement a SC PHY transmitter architecture, which may beconfigured to support a maximum total number of eight spatial streams.In other embodiments, the SC PHY transmitter architecture may beconfigured to support any other number of spatial streams, for example,less than eight streams or more than eight streams, e.g., 16 streams, 32streams, and/or any other number of streams.

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter 118 and/or transmitter148 may implement a SC PHY transmitter architecture, which may beconfigured to implement a vertical coding, e.g., in accordance with anIEEE 802.11ac Specification and/or any other type of vertical coding,for example, to encode a plurality of spatial streams, e.g., all spatialstreams, by applying a same EDMG Modulation and Coding Scheme(EDMG-MCS).

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter 118 and/or transmitter148 may implement a SC PHY transmitter architecture, which may beconfigured to implement a channel bonding, for example, according to aChannel bonding factor, denoted N_(CB), for example, N_(CB)=1, 2, 3, and4, wherein N_(CB)=1 corresponds to a legacy non-bonded case, and/or anyother channel bonding factor.

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter 118 and/or transmitter148 may implement a SC PHY transmitter architecture, which may beconfigured to implement a channel aggregation, for example, of a maximum2 frequency channels, and/or any other number of aggregated channels. Inone example, the SC PHY transmitter architecture may be configured toimplement a channel aggregation of two 2.16 GHz channels.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the channel aggregation may beconsidered as a type of MIMO with “zero” cross links, for example,assuming that frequency channels are well isolated.

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter 118 and/or transmitter148 may implement a SC PHY transmitter architecture, which may beconfigured to support a plurality of types, e.g., three types, of GuardIntervals (GIs), e.g., as described below. In other embodiments, the SCPHY transmitter architecture may be configured to support some or all ofthe three GI types, only one GI type, and/or any other number of GItypes, e.g., less than or more than three GI types.

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter 118 and/or transmitter148 may implement a SC PHY transmitter architecture, which may beconfigured to support a short GI, for example, a GI of a of length ofN_(GI)=32 chips, e.g., at 1.76 Giga samples per second (Gsps), forexample, to allow at least optimizing overhead for short rangeapplications.

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter 118 and/or transmitter148 may implement a SC PHY transmitter architecture, which may beconfigured to support a medium GI, for example, a GI of a length ofN_(GI)=64 chips, for example, to coincide with a legacy case.

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter 118 and/or transmitter148 may implement a SC PHY transmitter architecture, which may beconfigured to support a Long GI, e.g., a GI of a length of N_(GI)=128chips, for example, to be applied for large scale environments.

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter 118 and/or transmitter148 may implement a SC PHY transmitter architecture, which may beconfigured to support any other additional or alternative GI types,e.g., of any other length.

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter 118 and/or transmitter148 may implement a SC PHY transmitter architecture, which may beconfigured to support Space-Time Block Coding (STBC), for example, basedon an Alamouti scheme and/or any other STBC scheme, e.g., as describedbelow.

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter 118 and/or transmitter148 may implement a SC PHY transmitter architecture, which may beconfigured to support a count of the plurality of space-time streams,which is a multiple of a count of the plurality of spatial streams.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the count of the plurality ofspace-time streams may be double the count of the plurality of spatialstreams, for example, N_(STS)=2*N_(SS).

In some demonstrative embodiments, the number of space-time streams maybe limited by 8, for example, N_(STS)≦8, e.g., in accordance with anIEEE 802.11ac Standard. According to these embodiments, four spatialstreams may be supported, e.g., N_(SS)=1, 2, 3, 4, and N_(STS)=2*N_(SS).

In other embodiments, any other number of space-time streams and/or anyother number of spatial streams may be implemented.

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter 118 and/or transmitter148 may implement a SC PHY transmitter architecture, which may beconfigured to support a Transmit Beamforming (TxBF) technique, e.g., asdescribed below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter 118 and/or transmitter148 may implement a SC PHY transmitter architecture, which may beconfigured to support a precoding scheme, which may, for example, applyonly a Wideband precoding, e.g., using a precoding matrix V, which maybe independent on the subcarrier index and constant over subcarriers.

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter 118 and/or transmitter148 may implement a SC PHY transmitter architecture, which may beconfigured to support a precoding scheme, which may, for example, beapplied for a Short training Field (STF) and/or Channel Estimation Filed(CEF), e.g., an EDMG-STF/EDMG-CEF, and/or data part of the frame, forexample, possibly to the Automatic Gain Control (AGC) and/or Training(TRN) units.

In other embodiments, transmitter 118 and/or transmitter 148 mayimplement a SC PHY transmitter architecture, which may be configured tosupport any other additional or alternative precoding scheme.

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter 118 and/or transmitter148 may implement a SC PHY transmitter architecture, which may beconfigured to support a low-density parity-check (LDPC) code, forexample, an LDP with encoding rates of 1/2, 5/8, 3/4, 13/16, and/or 7/8,and/or any other code rate.

In one example, at least two types of LDPC codewords may be supported,e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter 118 and/or transmitter148 may implement a SC PHY transmitter architecture, which may beconfigured to support a Short CW, e.g., a CW with a length of CW=672bits, for example, for code rates 1/2, 5/8, 3/4, and/or 13/16, and/or aCW with a length of 624 bits, e.g., for a code rate 7/8.

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter 118 and/or transmitter148 may implement a SC PHY transmitter architecture, which may beconfigured to support a Long CW, for example, a CW with a length ofCW=1344 bits, e.g., for code rates 1/2, 5/8, 3/4, and/or 13/16, and/or aCW with a length of 1248 bits, e.g., for a code rate 7/8.

In other embodiments, any other additional or alternative code rateand/or CW length may be implemented.

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter 118 and/or transmitter148 may implement a SC PHY transmitter architecture, which may beconfigured to support one or more legacy modulation types, e.g.,according to one or more existing IEEE 802.11 Specifications, e.g., asdescribed below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter 118 and/or transmitter148 may implement a SC PHY transmitter architecture, which may beconfigured to support a π/2-BPSK modulation, a π/2-QPSK modulation, aπ/2-16QAM modulation, and/or a π/2-64QAM modulation.

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter 118 and/or transmitter148 may implement a SC PHY transmitter architecture, which may beconfigured to support a modulation scheme, which may be configured as anExtension to a π/2-256QAM modulation, for example, as an alternative tochannel bonding.

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter 118 and/or transmitter148 may implement a SC PHY transmitter architecture, which may beconfigured to support one or more Non Uniform Constellations (NUCs), forexample, for higher order modulations, e.g., for 64QAM. In one example,it may be proposed not to exclude the legacy π/2-64QAM modulation, butrather to supplement it with advanced NUC types.

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter 118 and/or transmitter148 may implement an SC PHY transmitter architecture (also referred toas a “SU transmitter architecture”), which may be configured to processa SU transmission for SC PHY. For example, the SU transmitterarchitecture may be configured to process at least a PSDU part of aframe, for example, for a total number of N_(SS) spatial streams, forexample, N_(SS)=8 streams or any other number of streams, e.g., asdescribed below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, SU transmitter architecture may beimplemented according to on or more implementation options, for example,including a first implementation option (“option 1”), and/or a secondimplementation option (“option 2”), e.g., as described below.

Reference is made to FIG. 3, which schematically illustrates an SUtransmitter architecture 300, in accordance with some demonstrativeembodiments. In one example, transmitter 118 (FIG. 1) and/or transmitter148 (FIG. 1) may be implemented according to, and/or may include one ormore elements of, SU transmitter architecture 300.

In some demonstrative embodiments, SU transmitter architecture 300 maybe configured to encode and modulate a PSDU 301, e.g., as describedbelow. For example, PSDU 301 may include a serial stream of PSDU bits,e.g., representing a PSDU of a frame to be transmitted in a SUtransmission. In one example, transmitter 118 (FIG. 1) may process PSDU301 of a SU transmission, e.g., to device 140 (FIG. 1).

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3, transmitterarchitecture 300 may include a spatial stream parser 306 configured todistribute encoded bits 305 of PSDU 301 to a plurality of spatialstreams 307, e.g., including N_(SS) spatial streams. For example,encoded bits 305 may be generated by an encoder 304, based on a suitableencoding scheme, for example, an LDPC encoding and/or any otherencoding, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3, transmitterarchitecture 300 may include a scrambler 302 configured to scramble bitsof PSDU 301.

In some demonstrative embodiments, scrambler 302 may implement ascrambling scheme, for example, in compliance with of an IEEE 802.11adSpecification.

In some demonstrative embodiments, scrambler 302 may be configured toapply Codeword (CW) padding, for example, by padding the PSDU 301 at aninput of encoder 304 with N_(DATA PAD) bits, for example, to have aninteger number of LDPC codewords, e.g., in accordance with a CW paddingof an IEEE 802.11ad Specification.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3, encoder 304 mayinclude an LDPC encoder (“LDPC core”) to encode the PSDU 301 into theencoded bits 305, for example, according to an LDPC code.

In some demonstrative embodiments, encoder 304 may be configured toencode the PSDU into an LDPC CW including a short CW or a long CW, e.g.,as decried below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the short CW may include 672 or 624bits, and/or the long CW may include 1344 or 1248 bits. In otherembodiments, the short CW and/or the long CW may include any othernumber of bits.

In some demonstrative embodiments, encoder 304 may be configured toimplement a SC block padding scheme to pad bits of the PSDU. Forexample, encoded bits at the output of encoder 304 may be padded withN_(BLK PAD) bits, e.g., to have an integer number of SC symbol blocks.

In some demonstrative embodiments, spatial stream parser 306 may beconfigured to distribute the encoded bits to the plurality of spatialstreams 307, for example, based on a round robin mechanism.

In one example, spatial stream parser 306 may be configured to performspatial stream parsing. For example, a flow of sequential bits 305 maybe equally distributed between the plurality of spatial streams 307, forexample, in a round robin manner and/or according to any otherparsing/distribution scheme, e.g., on a bit basis.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the plurality of spatial streams 307may have a same Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS).

In some demonstrative embodiments, the plurality of spatial streams 307may include no more than 8 spatial streams. In other embodiments, theplurality of spatial streams 307 may include any other number of spatialstreams.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3, transmitterarchitecture 300 may include a plurality of constellation mappers 308configured to map encoded bits of the plurality of spatial streams 307into a respective plurality of streams of constellation symbols 309, forexample, according to a constellation scheme implemented by transmitter118 (FIG. 1).

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3, transmitterarchitecture 300 may include a plurality of interleavers 310 configuredto interleave symbols of respective ones of the plurality of streams ofconstellation symbols 309.

In some demonstrative embodiments, an interleaver 310 corresponding to astream of the plurality of streams of constellation symbols 309, may beconfigured to interleave, e.g., on a symbol basis, symbols of an SCsymbol block of the stream of constellation symbols.

In one example, an interleaver 310 may apply an interleaving configuredfor 64QAM and/or 256QAM modulations, and/or any other modulation.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3, SU transmitterarchitecture 300 may include an STBC encoder 312 to encode the pluralityof streams of constellation symbols 309 into SC symbol blocks over aplurality of space-time streams 313.

In some demonstrative embodiments, STBC encoder 312 may be configured toperform an SC symbol blocking and/or a space-time block coding, e.g.,according to an STBC scheme.

In some demonstrative embodiments, a count of the plurality ofspace-time streams 313 may be based on a type of the STBC scheme.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the count of the plurality ofspace-time streams 313 may be a multiple of a count of the plurality ofspatial streams 307.

In one example, the count of the plurality of space-time streams 313 maybe double the count of the plurality of spatial streams 307, forexample, if the STBC scheme includes a 2×1 scheme, which utilizes twospace-time steams two encode each spatial stream.

In some demonstrative embodiments, a count of the plurality ofspace-time streams 313 may include no more than 8 space-time streams. Inother embodiments, the count of the plurality of space-time streams 313may include any other number of streams.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3, transmitterarchitecture 300 may include a transmit beamforming module 316 (“TxBF”)to map the plurality of space-time streams 313 to a plurality oftransmit chains 317. For example, transmit chains 317 may include one ormore transmit chains of RF chains 109 (FIG. 1).

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmit beamforming module 316, maybe configured to perform digital precoding of a transmit waveform, forexample, based on a Channel State Information (CSI) feedback from areceiver, and/or based on any other beamforming scheme.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3, transmitterarchitecture 300 may include a plurality of GI inserters 314 configuredto insert GI sequences to the SC symbol blocks, for example, over theplurality of space-time streams 313.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the GI sequences may have a GI lengthof 32, 64, or 128 samples. In other embodiments, the GI sequences mayhave a GI length of any other number of samples.

In some demonstrative embodiments, a GI inserter 314 may be configuredto prepend each SC symbol block with a GI sequence, and/or to add anextra GI at the end of a data part of a frame.

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter architecture 300 may beconfigured to transmit a SC transmission based on PSDU 301, e.g., todevice 104 (FIG. 1).

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter architecture 300 may beconfigured to transmit the SC transmission over a bonded channel and/oran aggregated channel including a plurality of channels.

In one example, transmitter architecture 300 may be configured to applyan output waveform for the SC transmission. For example, the waveformmay be defined at an N_(CB)*1.76 GHz chip rate, wherein N_(CB) denotes abonding factor, e.g., a bonding factor equal to 1, 2, 3, or 4, or anyother bonding factor.

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter architecture 300 may beconfigured to transmit the SC transmission via the plurality of transmitchains 317 over a Directional Multi-Gigabit (DMG) band.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3, transmitterarchitecture 300 may include a plurality of pulse shaping filters 318configured to filter the SC transmission over the plurality of transmitchains.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 3, transmitterarchitecture 300 may include a plurality of Digital to Analog (DAC)convertors, and/or RF processing modules 320, configured to convert theSC transmission from digital to analog, and/or to perform RF processingof the SC transmission.

In some demonstrative embodiments, SU transmitter architecture 300 mayinclude one or more other components, elements, and/or modulesconfigured to process and/or to transmit the SU SC transmission.

Referring back to FIG. 1, in some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102and/or 140 may implement an SU transmitter architecture configured toprocess the SU transmission for SC PHY according to a second option,e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the SU transmitter architectureaccording to the second option may not utilize interleaves, e.g., theplurality of interleaves 310 (FIG. 3).

Reference is made to FIG. 4, which schematically illustrates an SUtransmitter architecture 400, in accordance with some demonstrativeembodiments. In one example, transmitter 118 (FIG. 1) and/or transmitter148 (FIG. 1) may be implemented according to, and/or may include one ormore elements of, SU transmitter architecture 400.

In some demonstrative embodiments, SU transmitter architecture 400 maybe configured to encode and modulate a PSDU 401, e.g., as describedbelow. For example, PSDU 401 may include a serial stream of PSDU bits,e.g., representing a PSDU of a frame to be transmitted in a SUtransmission. In one example, transmitter 118 (FIG. 1) may process PSDU401 of a SU transmission, e.g., to device 140 (FIG. 1).

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 4, transmitterarchitecture 400 may include a spatial stream parser 406 configured todistribute encoded bits 405 of PSDU 401 to a plurality of spatialstreams 407, e.g., including N_(SS) spatial streams. For example,encoded bits 405 may be generated by an encoder 404, based on a suitableencoding scheme, for example, an LDPC encoding and/or any otherencoding, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 4, transmitterarchitecture 400 may include a scrambler 402 configured to scramble bitsof PSDU 401.

In some demonstrative embodiments, scrambler 402 may be, for example, incompliance with of an IEEE 802.11ad Specification.

In some demonstrative embodiments, scrambler 402 may be configured toapply Codeword (CW) padding, for example, by padding the PSDU 401 at aninput of encoder 404 with N_(DATA PAD) bits, for example, to have aninteger number of LDPC codewords, e.g., in accordance with a CW paddingof an IEEE 802.11ad Specification.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 4, encoder 404 mayinclude an LDPC encoder (“LDPC core”) to encode the PSDU 401 into theencoded bits 405, for example, according to an LDPC code.

In some demonstrative embodiments, encoder 404 may be configured toencode the PSDU into an LDPC CW including a short CW or a long CW, e.g.,as decried below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the short CW may include 672 or 624bits, and/or the long CW may include 1344 or 1248 bits. In otherembodiments, the short CW and/or the long CW may include any othernumber of bits.

In some demonstrative embodiments, encoder 404 may be configured toimplement a SC block padding scheme to pad bits of the PSDU. Forexample, encoded bits at the output of encoder 404 may be padded withN_(BLK PAD) bits, e.g., to have an integer number of SC symbol blocks.

In some demonstrative embodiments, spatial stream parser 406 may beconfigured to distribute the encoded bits to the plurality of spatialstreams 407, for example, based on a round robin mechanism.

In one example, spatial stream parser 406 may be configured to performspatial stream parsing. For example, a flow of sequential bits 405 maybe equally distributed between the plurality of spatial streams 407, forexample, in a round robin manner and/or according to any otherparsing/distribution scheme, e.g., on a bit basis.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the plurality of spatial streams 407may have a same Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS).

In some demonstrative embodiments, the plurality of spatial streams 407may include no more than 8 spatial streams. In other embodiments, theplurality of spatial streams 407 may include any other number of spatialstreams.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 4, transmitterarchitecture 400 may include a plurality of constellation mappers 408configured to map encoded bits of the plurality of spatial streams 407into a respective plurality of streams of constellation symbols 409, forexample, according to a constellation scheme implemented by transmitter118 (FIG. 1).

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 4, SU transmitterarchitecture 400 may include an STBC encoder 412 to encode the pluralityof streams of constellation symbols 409 into SC symbol blocks over aplurality of space-time streams 413.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 4, transmitterarchitecture 400 may not utilize an interleaving functionality. Forexample, STBC encoder 412 may process the SC symbol blocks fromconstellation mapper 408, e.g., without interleaving.

In some demonstrative embodiments, STBC encoder 412 may be configured toperform an SC symbol blocking and/or a space-time block coding, e.g.,according to an STBC scheme.

In some demonstrative embodiments, a count of the plurality ofspace-time streams 413 may be based on a type of the STBC scheme.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the count of the plurality ofspace-time streams 413 may be a multiple of a count of the plurality ofspatial streams 407.

In one example, the count of the plurality of space-time streams 413 maybe double the count of the plurality of spatial streams 407, forexample, if the STBC scheme includes a 2×1 scheme, which utilizes twospace-time steams two encode each spatial stream.

In some demonstrative embodiments, a count of the plurality ofspace-time streams 413 may include no more than 8 space-time streams. Inother embodiments, the count of the plurality of space-time streams 413may include any other number of streams.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 4, transmitterarchitecture 400 may include a transmit beamforming module 416 (“TxBF”)to map the plurality of space-time streams 413 to a plurality oftransmit chains 417. For example, transmit chains 417 may include one ormore transmit chains of RF chains 109 (FIG. 1).

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmit beamforming module 416, maybe configured to perform digital precoding of a transmit waveform, forexample, based on a Channel State Information (CSI) feedback from areceiver, and/or based on any other beamforming scheme.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 4, transmitterarchitecture 400 may include a plurality of GI inserters 414 configuredto insert GI sequences to the SC symbol blocks, for example, over theplurality of space-time streams 413.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the GI sequences may have a GI lengthof 32, 64, or 128 samples. In other embodiments, the GI sequences mayhave a GI length of any other number of samples.

In some demonstrative embodiments, a GI inserter 414 may be configuredto prepend each SC symbol block with a GI sequence, and/or to add anextra GI at the end of a data part of a frame.

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter architecture 400 may beconfigured to transmit a SC transmission based on PSDU 401, e.g., todevice 104 (FIG. 1).

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter architecture 400 may beconfigured to transmit the SC transmission over a bonded channel and/oran aggregated channel including a plurality of channels.

In one example, transmitter architecture 400 may be configured to applyan output waveform for the SC transmission. For example, the waveformmay be defined at an N_(CB)*1.76 GHz chip rate, wherein N_(CB) denotes abonding factor, e.g., a bonding factor equal to 1, 2, 3, or 4, or anyother bonding factor.

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter architecture 400 may beconfigured to transmit the SC transmission via the plurality of transmitchains 417 over a Directional Multi-Gigabit (DMG) band.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 4, transmitterarchitecture 400 may include a plurality of pulse shaping filters 418configured to filter the SC transmission over the plurality of transmitchains.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 4, transmitterarchitecture 400 may include a plurality of Digital to Analog (DAC)convertors, and/or RF processing modules 420, configured to convert theSC transmission from digital to analog, and/or to perform RF processingof the SC transmission.

In some demonstrative embodiments, SU transmitter architecture 400 mayinclude one or more other components, elements, and/or modulesconfigured to process and/or to transmit the SU SC transmission.

Referring back to FIG. 1, in some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102and/or 140 may be configured to implement a MU SC PHY transmitter havingan architecture (“MU transmitter architecture” or “MU SC transmitterarchitecture”) which may be configured to support one or more SC PHYfeatures for a MU transmission, e.g., as described below. For example,transmitter 118 and/or transmitter 148 may be configured to implementthe MU SC PHY transmitter architecture.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the MU SC transmitter architecturemay be configured to support MU transmission, for example, at least a MUfor a downlink, e.g., from an AP station to a plurality of client and/oruser stations.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the MU SC transmitter architecturemay be configured to support processing of a non-EDMG and/or an EDMGportion of a preamble, e.g., according to an IEEE 802.11aySpecification.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the MU SC transmitter architecturemay be configured to support a Header-B encoding and modulation method.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the MU SC transmitter architecturemay be configured to support one or more parameters of an MUtransmission, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the MU SC transmitter architecturemay be configured to support a maximum total number of MU clients equalto 16. In other embodiments, any other number of MU clients may besupported.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the MU SC transmitter architecturemay be configured to support a maximum total number of space-timestreams per user, which may be limited to 4, e.g., achieved by adual-polarization and/or a channel aggregation of 2.16+2.16 GHz. Inother embodiments, any other number of space-time streams per user maybe supported.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the MU SC transmitter architecturemay be configured to support a total number of N_(SS) spatial streamssummed over all users, which may be limited to 16. In other embodiments,any other total number of N_(SS) may be supported.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the MU SC transmitter architecturemay be configured to perform client PSDU encoding and/or modulationindependently, and, for example, to combine the payloads of the users ata transmit beamforming stage. In other embodiments, the client PSDUencoding and modulation may be performed at a different stage.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the MU SC transmitter architecturemay be configured to support individual selection of an MCS and and/or anumber N_(SS) of spatial streams, e.g., for each user. In otherembodiments, the same MCS and/or the number N_(SS) of spatial streamsmay be selected for two or more users.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the MU SC transmitter architecturemay be configured to allow different users to have a different LDPCencoder type, e.g., having a short or a long CW length, e.g., asdescribed below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the MU SC transmitter architecturemay be configured to identically apply the same one or more parametersfor two or more users, e.g., for all users.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the MU SC transmitter architecturemay be configured to identically apply the same bandwidth for MUtransmission to two or more users, e.g., for all users.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the MU SC transmitter architecturemay be configured to identically apply a same STBC scheme, e.g., ifapplied, for two or more users, e.g., for all users.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the MU SC transmitter architecturemay be configured to identically apply the same GI type, e.g., a short,medium, or a long GI, for two or more users, e.g., for all users.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 140 may implementa MU transmitter architecture, which may be configured to process a PSDUpart of a frame, for example, for a total number of N_(SS) spatialstreams, for example, N_(SS) Equal to 16, e.g., as described below. Inother embodiments, any other number of spatial streams may beimplemented.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the MU transmitter architecture maybe implemented according to on or more implementation options, forexample, including a first implementation option (“option 1”), and/or asecond implementation option (“option 2”), e.g., as described below.

Reference is made to FIG. 5, which schematically illustrates a MUtransmitter architecture 500, in accordance with some demonstrativeembodiments. In one example, transmitter 118 (FIG. 1) and/or transmitter148 (FIG. 1) may be implemented according to, and/or may include one ormore elements of, MU transmitter architecture 500.

In some demonstrative embodiments, MU transmitter architecture 500 maybe configured to encode and modulate a plurality of PSDUs 501 to betransmitted to a plurality of respective users, e.g., as describedbelow. For example, a PSDU 501 may include a serial stream of PSDU bits,e.g., representing a PSDU of a frame to be transmitted to a user in a MUtransmission. In one example, transmitter 118 (FIG. 1) may process PSDUs501 of a MU transmission to a plurality of users, e.g., including device140 (FIG. 1).

In some demonstrative embodiments, MU transmitter architecture 500 maybe configured to encode and modulate the plurality of PSDUs 501, e.g.,as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, MU transmitter architecture 500 maybe configured to perform PSDU encoding and modulation, for example,independently for each user, e.g., as described above with reference tothe SU transmitter 300 (FIG. 3).

In one example, an MU transmitter architecture 500 of an Access Point(AP) station may be configured to use its own random generator seed foreach user. For example, the AP station may define the generator seed inan EDMG-Header-B, e.g., in the first 7 bits.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5, transmitterarchitecture 500 may include a plurality of processing modules 530configured to process the respective plurality of PSDUs 501 to betransmitted to the respective plurality of users.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5, a processingmodule 530 of the plurality of processing modules 530 may be configuredto process a respective PSDU 501 of the plurality of PSDUs 501.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the plurality of processing modules530 may include no more than 16 processing modules, e.g., to process aMU transmission to be transmitted to up to 16 users. In otherembodiments, the plurality of processing modules 530 may include anyother number of processing modules to process a MU transmission to anyother number of users.

In some demonstrative embodiments, a processing module 530 may beconfigured to encode and modulate a respective PSDU 501, e.g., asdescribed below. For example, PSDU 501 may include a serial stream ofPSDU bits, e.g., representing a PSDU of a frame to be transmitted to arespective user in the MU transmission.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5, a processingmodule 530 may include a spatial stream parser 506 configured todistribute encoded bits 505 of PSDU 501 to a plurality of spatialstreams 507, e.g., including N_(SS) spatial streams. For example,encoded bits 505 may be generated by an encoder 504, based on a suitableencoding scheme, for example, an LDPC encoding and/or any otherencoding, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5, processing module530 may include a scrambler 502 configured to scramble bits of the PSDU501.

In some demonstrative embodiments, scrambler 502 may implement ascrambling scheme, for example, in compliance with of an IEEE 802.11adSpecification.

In some demonstrative embodiments, scrambler 502 may be configured toapply Codeword (CW) padding, for example, by padding the PSDU 501 at aninput of encoder 504 with N_(DATA PAD) bits, for example, to have aninteger number of LDPC codewords, e.g., in accordance with a CW paddingof an IEEE 802.11ad Specification.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5, encoder 504 mayinclude an LDPC encoder (“LDPC core”) to encode the PSDU 501 into theencoded bits 505, for example, according to an LDPC code.

In some demonstrative embodiments, encoder 504 may be configured toencode the PSDU into an LDPC CW including a short CW or a long CW, e.g.,as decried below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the short CW may include 672 or 624bits, and/or the long CW may include 1344 or 1248 bits. In otherembodiments, the short CW and/or the long CW may include any othernumber of bits.

In some demonstrative embodiments, encoder 504 may be configured toimplement a SC block padding scheme to pad bits of the PSDU. Forexample, encoded bits at the output of encoder 504 may be padded withN_(BLK PAD) bits, e.g., to have an integer number of SC symbol blocks.

In some demonstrative embodiments, spatial stream parser 506 may beconfigured to distribute the encoded bits to the plurality of spatialstreams 507, for example, based on a round robin mechanism.

In one example, spatial stream parser 506 may be configured to performspatial stream parsing. For example, a flow of sequential bits 505 maybe equally distributed between the plurality of spatial streams 507, forexample, in a round robin manner and/or according to any otherparsing/distribution scheme, e.g., on a bit basis.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the plurality of spatial streams 507may have a same MCS.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the plurality of spatial streams 507may include no more than 4 spatial streams. In other embodiments, theplurality of spatial streams 507 may include 2 spatial streams, 8spatial streams, or any other number of spatial streams.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the plurality of processing modules530 may be configured to process a total number of no more than 16spatial streams. In other embodiments, any other total number of spatialstreams may be processed by all of the plurality of processing modules530.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5, processing module530 may include a plurality of constellation mappers 508 configured tomap encoded bits of the plurality of spatial streams 507 into arespective plurality of streams of constellation symbols 509, forexample, according to a constellation scheme implemented by transmitter118 (FIG. 1).

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5, processing module530 may include a plurality of interleavers 510 configured to interleavesymbols of respective ones of the plurality of streams of constellationsymbols 509.

In some demonstrative embodiments, an interleaver 510 corresponding to astream of the plurality of streams of constellation symbols 509, may beconfigured to interleave, e.g., on a symbol basis, symbols of an SCsymbol block of the stream of constellation symbols.

In one example, an interleaver 510 may apply an interleaving configuredfor 64QAM and/or 256QAM modulations, and/or any other modulation.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5, processing module530 may include an STBC encoder 512 to encode the plurality of streamsof constellation symbols 509 into SC symbol blocks over a plurality ofspace-time streams 513.

In some demonstrative embodiments, STBC encoder 512 may be configured toperform an SC symbol blocking and/or a space-time block coding, e.g.,according to an STBC scheme.

In some demonstrative embodiments, a count of the plurality ofspace-time streams 513 may be based on a type of the STBC scheme.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the count of the plurality ofspace-time streams 513 may be a multiple of a count of the plurality ofspatial streams 507.

In one example, the count of the plurality of space-time streams 513 maydouble the count of the plurality of spatial streams 507, for example,if the STBC scheme includes a 2×1 scheme, which utilizes two space-timesteams two encode each spatial stream.

In some demonstrative embodiments, a count of the plurality ofspace-time streams 513 may include no more than 8 space-time streams. Inother embodiments, the count of the plurality of space-time streams 513may include any other number of streams.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5, processing module530 may include a plurality of GI inserters 514 configured to insert GIsequences to the SC symbol blocks, for example, over the plurality ofspace-time streams 513.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the GI sequences may have a GI lengthof 32, 64, or 128 samples. In other embodiments, the GI sequences mayhave a GI length of any other number of samples.

In some demonstrative embodiments, a GI inserter 514 may be configuredto prepend each SC symbol block with a GI sequence, and/or to add anextra GI at the end of a data part of a frame.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5, transmitterarchitecture 500 may include a transmit beamforming module 516 (“TxBF”),which may be configured to map outputs 515 of the plurality ofprocessing modules 530, e.g., including the plurality of streams 514from the plurality of processing modules 530, to a plurality of transmitchains 517. For example, transmit chains 517 may include a plurality oftransmit chains of RF chains 109 (FIG. 1).

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter architecture 500 may beconfigured to combine different space-time streams from processingmodules 530, for example, at transmit beamforming module 516. Forexample, a wideband precoding matrix V may be applied in a time domain,for example, to the EDMG-CEF-STF/EDMG-CEF, PSDU, and possibly to AGC/TRNunits.

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter architecture 500 may beconfigured to transmit a MU SC transmission based on PSDUs 501, e.g., toa plurality of users including device 104 (FIG. 1).

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter architecture 500 may beconfigured to transmit the MU SC transmission over a bonded channeland/or an aggregated channel including a plurality of channels.

In one example, transmitter architecture 500 may be configured to applyan output waveform for the MU SC transmission. For example, the waveformmay be defined at an N_(CB)*1.76 GHz chip rate, wherein N_(CB) denotes abonding factor, e.g., a bonding factor equal to 1, 2, 3, or 4, or anyother bonding factor.

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter architecture 500 may beconfigured to transmit the MU SC transmission via the plurality oftransmit chains 517 over a Directional Multi-Gigabit (DMG) band.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5, transmitterarchitecture 500 may include a plurality of pulse shaping filters 518configured to filter the SC transmission over the plurality of transmitchains.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 5, transmitterarchitecture 500 may include a plurality of Digital to Analog (DAC)convertors, and/or RF processing modules 520, configured to convert theSC transmission from digital to analog, and/or to perform RF processingof the SC transmission.

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter architecture 500 mayinclude one or more other components, elements, and/or modulesconfigured to process and/or to transmit the MU SC transmission.

Referring back to FIG. 1, in some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102and/or 140 may implement a MU transmitter architecture configured toprocess the MU transmission for SC PHY according to a second option,e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the MU transmitter architectureaccording to the second option may not utilize interleaves, e.g., theplurality of interleaves 510 (FIG. 5).

Reference is made to FIG. 6, which schematically illustrates a MUtransmitter architecture 600, in accordance with some demonstrativeembodiments. In one example, transmitter 118 (FIG. 1) and/or transmitter148 (FIG. 1) may be implemented according to, and/or may include one ormore elements of, MU transmitter architecture 600.

In some demonstrative embodiments, MU transmitter architecture 600 maybe configured to encode and modulate a plurality of PSDUs 601 to betransmitted to a plurality of respective users, e.g., as describedbelow. For example, a PSDU 601 may include a serial stream of PSDU bits,e.g., representing a PSDU of a frame to be transmitted to a user in a MUtransmission. In one example, transmitter 118 (FIG. 1) may process PSDUs601 of a MU transmission to a plurality of users, e.g., including device140 (FIG. 1).

In some demonstrative embodiments, MU transmitter architecture 600 maybe configured to encode and modulate the plurality of PSDUs 601, e.g.,as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, MU transmitter architecture 600 maybe configured to perform PSDU encoding and modulation, for example,independently for each user, e.g., as described above with reference tothe SU transmitter 300 (FIG. 3).

In one example, an MU transmitter architecture 600 of an Access Point(AP) station may be configured to use its own random generator seed foreach user. For example, the AP station may define the generator seed inan EDMG-Header-B, e.g., in the first 7 bits.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 6, transmitterarchitecture 600 may include a plurality of processing modules 630configured to process the respective plurality of PSDUs 601 to betransmitted to the respective plurality of users.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 6, a processingmodule 630 of the plurality of processing modules 630 may be configuredto process a respective PSDU 601 of the plurality of PSDUs 601.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the plurality of processing modules630 may include no more than 16 processing modules, e.g., to process aMU transmission to be transmitted to up to 16 users. In otherembodiments, the plurality of processing modules 630 may include anyother number of processing modules to process a MU transmission to anyother number of users.

In some demonstrative embodiments, a processing module 630 may beconfigured to encode and modulate a respective PSDU 601, e.g., asdescribed below. For example, PSDU 601 may include a serial stream ofPSDU bits, e.g., representing a PSDU of a frame to be transmitted to arespective user in the MU transmission.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 6, a processingmodule 630 may include a spatial stream parser 606 configured todistribute encoded bits 605 of PSDU 601 to a plurality of spatialstreams 607, e.g., including N_(SS) spatial streams. For example,encoded bits 605 may be generated by an encoder 604, based on a suitableencoding scheme, for example, an LDPC encoding and/or any otherencoding, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 6, processing module630 may include a scrambler 602 configured to scramble bits of the PSDU601.

In some demonstrative embodiments, scrambler 602 may implement ascrambling scheme, for example, in compliance with of an IEEE 802.11adSpecification.

In some demonstrative embodiments, scrambler 602 may be configured toapply Codeword (CW) padding, for example, by padding the PSDU 601 at aninput of encoder 604 with N_(DATA PAD) bits, for example, to have aninteger number of LDPC codewords, e.g., in accordance with a CW paddingof an IEEE 802.11ad Specification.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 6, encoder 604 mayinclude an LDPC encoder (“LDPC core”) to encode the PSDU 601 into theencoded bits 605, for example, according to an LDPC code.

In some demonstrative embodiments, encoder 604 may be configured toencode the PSDU into an LDPC CW including a short CW or a long CW, e.g.,as decried below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the short CW may include 672 or 624bits, and/or the long CW may include 1344 or 1248 bits. In otherembodiments, the short CW and/or the long CW may include any othernumber of bits.

In some demonstrative embodiments, encoder 604 may be configured toimplement a SC block padding scheme to pad bits of the PSDU. Forexample, encoded bits at the output of encoder 604 may be padded withN_(BLK PAD) bits, e.g., to have an integer number of SC symbol blocks.

In some demonstrative embodiments, spatial stream parser 606 may beconfigured to distribute the encoded bits to the plurality of spatialstreams 607, for example, based on a round robin mechanism.

In one example, spatial stream parser 606 may be configured to performspatial stream parsing. For example, a flow of sequential bits 605 maybe equally distributed between the plurality of spatial streams 607, forexample, in a round robin manner and/or according to any otherparsing/distribution scheme, e.g., on a bit basis.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the plurality of spatial streams 607may have a same MCS.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the plurality of spatial streams 607may include no more than 4 spatial streams. In other embodiments, theplurality of spatial streams 607 may include 2 spatial streams, 8spatial streams, or any other number of spatial streams.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the plurality of processing modules630 may be configured to process a total number of no more than 16spatial streams. In other embodiments, any other total number of spatialstreams may be processed by all of the plurality of processing modules630.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 6, processing module630 may include a plurality of constellation mappers 608 configured tomap encoded bits of the plurality of spatial streams 607 into arespective plurality of streams of constellation symbols 609, forexample, according to a constellation scheme implemented by transmitter118 (FIG. 1).

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 6, processing module630 may include an STBC encoder 612 to encode the plurality of streamsof constellation symbols 609 into SC symbol blocks over a plurality ofspace-time streams 613.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 4, one or more ofprocessing modules 630, e.g., each of processing modules 630, may notutilize an interleaving functionality. For example, STBC encoder 612 mayprocess the SC symbol blocks from constellation mapper 608, e.g.,without interleaving.

In some demonstrative embodiments, STBC encoder 612 may be configured toperform an SC symbol blocking and/or a space-time block coding, e.g.,according to an STBC scheme.

In some demonstrative embodiments, a count of the plurality ofspace-time streams 613 may be based on a type of the STBC scheme.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the count of the plurality ofspace-time streams 613 may be a multiple of a count of the plurality ofspatial streams 607.

In one example, the count of the plurality of space-time streams 613 maydouble the count of the plurality of spatial streams 607, for example,if the STBC scheme includes a 2×1 scheme, which utilizes two space-timesteams two encode each spatial stream.

In some demonstrative embodiments, a count of the plurality ofspace-time streams 613 may include no more than 8 space-time streams. Inother embodiments, the count of the plurality of space-time streams 613may include any other number of streams.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 6, processing module630 may include a plurality of GI inserters 614 configured to insert GIsequences to the SC symbol blocks, for example, over the plurality ofspace-time streams 613.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the GI sequences may have a GI lengthof 32, 64, or 128 samples. In other embodiments, the GI sequences mayhave a GI length of any other number of samples.

In some demonstrative embodiments, a GI inserter 614 may be configuredto prepend each SC symbol block with a GI sequence, and/or to add anextra GI at the end of a data part of a frame.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 6, transmitterarchitecture 600 may include a transmit beamforming module 616 (“TxBF”),which may be configured to map outputs 615 of the plurality ofprocessing modules 630, e.g., including the plurality of streams 614from the plurality of processing modules 630, to a plurality of transmitchains 617. For example, transmit chains 617 may include a plurality oftransmit chains of RF chains 109 (FIG. 1).

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter architecture 600 may beconfigured to combine different space-time streams from processingmodules 630, for example, at transmit beamforming module 616. Forexample, a wideband precoding matrix V may be applied in a time domain,for example, to the EDMG-CEF-STF/EDMG-CEF, PSDU, and possibly to AGC/TRNunits.

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter architecture 600 may beconfigured to transmit a MU SC transmission based on PSDUs 601, e.g., toa plurality of users including device 104 (FIG. 1).

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter architecture 600 may beconfigured to transmit the MU SC transmission over a bonded channeland/or an aggregated channel including a plurality of channels.

In one example, transmitter architecture 600 may be configured to applyan output waveform for the MU SC transmission. For example, the waveformmay be defined at an N_(CB)*1.76 GHz chip rate, wherein N_(CB) denotes abonding factor, e.g., a bonding factor equal to 1, 2, 3, or 4, or anyother bonding factor.

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter architecture 600 may beconfigured to transmit the MU SC transmission via the plurality oftransmit chains 617 over a Directional Multi-Gigabit (DMG) band.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 6, transmitterarchitecture 600 may include a plurality of pulse shaping filters 618configured to filter the SC transmission over the plurality of transmitchains.

In some demonstrative embodiments, as shown in FIG. 6, transmitterarchitecture 600 may include a plurality of Digital to Analog (DAC)convertors, and/or RF processing modules 620, configured to convert theSC transmission from digital to analog, and/or to perform RF processingof the SC transmission.

In some demonstrative embodiments, transmitter architecture 600 mayinclude one or more other components, elements, and/or modulesconfigured to process and/or to transmit the MU SC transmission.

Reference is made to FIG. 7, which schematically illustrates a method oftransmitting a SC transmission, in accordance with some demonstrativeembodiments. For example, one or more of the operations of the method ofFIG. 7 may be performed by one or more elements of a system, e.g.,system 100 (FIG. 1), for example, one or more wireless devices, e.g.,device 102 (FIG. 1), and/or device 140 (FIG. 1); a controller, e.g.,controller 124 (FIG. 1), and/or controller 154 (FIG. 1); a radio, e.g.,radio 114 (FIG. 1), and/or radio 144 (FIG. 1); a transmitter, e.g.,transmitter 118 (FIG. 1), and/or transmitter 148 (FIG. 1); a receiver,e.g., receiver 116 (FIG. 1), and/or receiver 146 (FIG. 1); and/or amessage processor, e.g., message processor 128 (FIG. 1), and/or messageprocessor 158 (FIG. 1).

As indicated at block 702, the method may include distributing encodedbits of a PSDU to a plurality of spatial streams. For example, spatialstream parser 306 (FIG. 3) may distribute encoded bits of PSDU 301 (FIG.3) to a plurality of spatial streams 307 (FIG. 3); spatial stream parser406 (FIG. 4) may distribute encoded bits of PSDU 401 (FIG. 4) to aplurality of spatial streams 407 (FIG. 4); spatial stream parser 506(FIG. 5) may distribute encoded bits of PSDU 501 (FIG. 5) to a pluralityof spatial streams 507 (FIG. 5); and/or spatial stream parser 606 (FIG.6) may distribute encoded bits of PSDU 601 (FIG. 6) to a plurality ofspatial streams 607 (FIG. 6), e.g., as described above.

As indicated at block 704, the method may include mapping encoded bitsof the plurality of spatial streams into a respective plurality ofstreams of constellation symbols according to a constellation scheme.For example, the plurality of constellation mappers 308 (FIG. 3) may mapthe encoded bits of the plurality of spatial streams 307 (FIG. 3) into arespective plurality of streams of constellation symbols 309 (FIG. 3)according to the constellation scheme; the plurality of constellationmappers 408 (FIG. 4) may map the encoded bits of the plurality ofspatial streams 407 (FIG. 4) into a respective plurality of streams ofconstellation symbols 409 (FIG. 4) according to the constellationscheme; the plurality of constellation mappers 508 (FIG. 5) may map theencoded bits of the plurality of spatial streams 507 (FIG. 5) into arespective plurality of streams of constellation symbols 509 (FIG. 5)according to the constellation scheme; and/or the plurality ofconstellation mappers 608 (FIG. 6) may map the encoded bits of theplurality of spatial streams 607 (FIG. 6) into a respective plurality ofstreams of constellation symbols 609 (FIG. 6) according to theconstellation scheme, e.g., as described above.

As indicated at block 706, the method may include encoding the pluralityof streams of constellation symbols into SC symbol blocks over aplurality of space-time streams. For example, STBC encoder 312 (FIG. 3)may encode the plurality of streams of constellation symbols 309 (FIG.3) into the SC symbol blocks over the plurality of space-time streams313 (FIG. 3); STBC encoder 412 may encode the plurality of streams ofconstellation symbols 409 (FIG. 4) into the SC symbol blocks over theplurality of space-time streams 413 (FIG. 4); STBC encoder 512 (FIG. 5)may encode the plurality of streams of constellation symbols 509 (FIG.5) into the SC symbol blocks over the plurality of space-time streams513 (FIG. 5); and/or STBC encoder 612 (FIG. 6) may encode the pluralityof streams of constellation symbols 609 (FIG. 6) into the SC symbolblocks over the plurality of space-time streams 613 (FIG. 6), e.g., asdescribed above.

As indicated at block 708, the method may include mapping the pluralityof space-time streams to a plurality of transmit chains. For example,transmit beamforming module 316 (FIG. 3) may map the plurality ofspace-time streams 313 (FIG. 3) to the plurality of transmit chains 317(FIG. 3), transmit beamforming module 416 (FIG. 4) may map the pluralityof space-time streams 413 (FIG. 4) to the plurality of transmit chains417 (FIG. 4); transmit beamforming module 516 (FIG. 5) may map theplurality of space-time streams 513 (FIG. 5) from the plurality ofprocessing modules 530 (FIG. 5) to the plurality of transmit chains 517(FIG. 5); and/or transmit beamforming module 616 (FIG. 6) may map theplurality of space-time streams 613 (FIG. 6) from the plurality ofprocessing modules 630 (FIG. 6) to the plurality of transmit chains 617(FIG. 6), e.g., as described above.

As indicated at block 710, the method may include transmitting a SCtransmission over a directional communication band, for example, basedon the plurality of space-time streams. For example, transmitter 118(FIG. 1) may transmit a SU SC transmission or a MU SC transmission overa DMG band, e.g., as described above.

Reference is made to FIG. 8, which schematically illustrates a productof manufacture 800, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.Product 800 may include one or more tangible computer-readablenon-transitory storage media 802, which may include computer-executableinstructions, e.g., implemented by logic 804, operable to, when executedby at least one computer processor, enable the at least one computerprocessor to implement one or more operations at device 102 (FIG. 1),device 140 (FIG. 1), radio 114 (FIG. 1), radio 144 (FIG. 1), transmitter118 (FIG. 1), transmitter 148 (FIG. 1), receiver 116 (FIG. 1), 1),receiver 146 (FIG. 1), controller 124 (FIG. 1), controller 154 (FIG. 1),message processor 128 (FIG. 1), and/or message processor 158 (FIG. 1),to cause device 102 (FIG. 1), device 140 (FIG. 1), radio 114 (FIG. 1),radio 144 (FIG. 1), transmitter 118 (FIG. 1), transmitter 148 (FIG. 1),receiver 116 (FIG. 1), 1), receiver 146 (FIG. 1), controller 124 (FIG.1), controller 154 (FIG. 1), message processor 128 (FIG. 1), and/ormessage processor 158 (FIG. 1), to perform one or more operations,and/or to perform, trigger and/or implement one or more operations,communications and/or functionalities described above with reference toFIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and/or 7, and/or one or more operationsdescribed herein. The phrase “non-transitory machine-readable medium” isdirected to include all computer-readable media, with the sole exceptionbeing a transitory propagating signal.

In some demonstrative embodiments, product 800 and/or storage media 802may include one or more types of computer-readable storage media capableof storing data, including volatile memory, non-volatile memory,removable or non-removable memory, erasable or non-erasable memory,writeable or re-writeable memory, and the like. For example,machine-readable storage media 802 may include, RAM, DRAM,Double-Data-Rate DRAM (DDR-DRAM), SDRAM, static RAM (SRAM), ROM,programmable ROM (PROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), electricallyerasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), Compact Disk ROM (CD-ROM), CompactDisk Recordable (CD-R), Compact Disk Rewriteable (CD-RW), flash memory(e.g., NOR or NAND flash memory), content addressable memory (CAM),polymer memory, phase-change memory, ferroelectric memory,silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) memory, a disk, a floppydisk, a hard drive, an optical disk, a magnetic disk, a card, a magneticcard, an optical card, a tape, a cassette, and the like.

The computer-readable storage media may include any suitable mediainvolved with downloading or transferring a computer program from aremote computer to a requesting computer carried by data signalsembodied in a carrier wave or other propagation medium through acommunication link, e.g., a modem, radio or network connection.

In some demonstrative embodiments, logic 804 may include instructions,data, and/or code, which, if executed by a machine, may cause themachine to perform a method, process and/or operations as describedherein. The machine may include, for example, any suitable processingplatform, computing platform, computing device, processing device,computing system, processing system, computer, processor, or the like,and may be implemented using any suitable combination of hardware,software, firmware, and the like.

In some demonstrative embodiments, logic 804 may include, or may beimplemented as, software, firmware, a software module, an application, aprogram, a subroutine, instructions, an instruction set, computing code,words, values, symbols, and the like. The instructions may include anysuitable type of code, such as source code, compiled code, interpretedcode, executable code, static code, dynamic code, and the like. Theinstructions may be implemented according to a predefined computerlanguage, manner or syntax, for instructing a processor to perform acertain function. The instructions may be implemented using any suitablehigh-level, low-level, object-oriented, visual, compiled and/orinterpreted programming language, such as C, C++, Java, BASIC, Matlab,Pascal, Visual BASIC, assembly language, machine code, and the like.

EXAMPLES

The following examples pertain to further embodiments.

Example 1 includes an apparatus of a Single User (SU) Single Carrier(SC) Physical Layer (PHY) transmitter, the apparatus comprising aspatial stream parser to distribute encoded bits of a Physical LayerConvergence Procedure (PLCP) Service Data Unit (PSDU) to a plurality ofspatial streams; a plurality of constellation mappers to map encodedbits of the plurality of spatial streams into a respective plurality ofstreams of constellation symbols according to a constellation scheme; aSpace Time Block Code (STBC) encoder to encode the plurality of streamsof constellation symbols into SC symbol blocks over a plurality ofspace-time streams; and a transmit beamforming module to map theplurality of space-time streams to a plurality of transmit chains.

Example 2 includes the subject matter of Example 1, and optionally,comprising an encoder to generate the encoded bits of the PSDU accordingto a low-density parity-check (LDPC) code.

Example 3 includes the subject matter of Example 2, and optionally,wherein the encoder is to encode the PSDU into an LDPC codeword (CW)comprising a short CW or a long CW, the short CW comprising 672 or 624bits, and the long CW comprising 1344 or 1248 bits.

Example 4 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-3, andoptionally, comprising a plurality of Guard Interval (GI) inserters toinsert GI sequences to the SC symbol blocks over the plurality ofspace-time streams.

Example 5 includes the subject matter of Example 4, and optionally,wherein a GI of the GI sequences has a GI length of 32, 64 or 128samples.

Example 6 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-5, andoptionally, comprising a plurality of interleavers to interleave symbolsof respective ones of the plurality of streams of constellation symbols,an interleaver corresponding to a stream of the plurality of streams tointerleave, on a symbol basis, symbols of an SC symbol block of thestream of constellation symbols.

Example 7 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-6, andoptionally, wherein the plurality of spatial streams have a sameModulation and Coding Scheme (MCS).

Example 8 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-7, andoptionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to transmit an SCtransmission over a bonded or an aggregated channel comprising aplurality of channels.

Example 9 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-8, andoptionally, wherein the spatial stream parser is to distribute theencoded bits of the PSDU to the plurality of spatial streams based on around robin mechanism.

Example 10 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-9, andoptionally, wherein the plurality of spatial streams comprises no morethan 8 spatial streams.

Example 11 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-10, andoptionally, wherein a count of the plurality of space-time streams isdouble a count of the plurality of spatial streams.

Example 12 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-11, andoptionally, wherein the plurality of space-time streams comprises nomore than 8 space-time streams.

Example 13 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-12, andoptionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to transmit a SCtransmission via the plurality of transmit chains over a DirectionalMulti-Gigabit (DMG) band.

Example 14 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-13, andoptionally, comprising one or more antennas, a memory, and a processor.

Example 15 includes a system of wireless communication comprising awireless station, the wireless station comprising one or more antennas;a memory; a processor; and a Single User (SU) Single Carrier (SC)Physical Layer (PHY) transmitter comprising a spatial stream parser todistribute encoded bits of a Physical Layer Convergence Procedure (PLCP)Service Data Unit (PSDU) to a plurality of spatial streams; a pluralityof constellation mappers to map encoded bits of the plurality of spatialstreams into a respective plurality of streams of constellation symbolsaccording to a constellation scheme; a Space Time Block Code (STBC)encoder to encode the plurality of streams of constellation symbols intoSC symbol blocks over a plurality of space-time streams; and a transmitbeamforming module to map the plurality of space-time streams to aplurality of transmit chains.

Example 16 includes the subject matter of Example 15, and optionally,wherein the transmitter comprises an encoder to generate the encodedbits of the PSDU according to a low-density parity-check (LDPC) code.

Example 17 includes the subject matter of Example 16, and optionally,wherein the encoder is to encode the PSDU into an LDPC codeword (CW)comprising a short CW or a long CW, the short CW comprising 672 or 624bits, and the long CW comprising 1344 or 1248 bits.

Example 18 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 15-17, andoptionally, wherein the transmitter comprises a plurality of GuardInterval (GI) inserters to insert GI sequences to the SC symbol blocksover the plurality of space-time streams.

Example 19 includes the subject matter of Example 18, and optionally,wherein a GI of the GI sequences has a GI length of 32, 64 or 128samples.

Example 20 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 15-19, andoptionally, wherein the transmitter comprises a plurality ofinterleavers to interleave symbols of respective ones of the pluralityof streams of constellation symbols, an interleaver corresponding to astream of the plurality of streams to interleave, on a symbol basis,symbols of an SC symbol block of the stream of constellation symbols.

Example 21 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 15-20, andoptionally, wherein the plurality of spatial streams have a sameModulation and Coding Scheme (MCS).

Example 22 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 15-21, andoptionally, wherein the transmitter is configured to transmit an SCtransmission over a bonded or an aggregated channel comprising aplurality of channels.

Example 23 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 15-22, andoptionally, wherein the spatial stream parser is to distribute theencoded bits of the PSDU to the plurality of spatial streams based on around robin mechanism.

Example 24 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 15-23, andoptionally, wherein the plurality of spatial streams comprises no morethan 8 spatial streams.

Example 25 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 15-24, andoptionally, wherein a count of the plurality of space-time streams isdouble a count of the plurality of spatial streams.

Example 26 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 15-25, andoptionally, wherein the plurality of space-time streams comprises nomore than 8 space-time streams.

Example 27 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 15-26, andoptionally, wherein the transmitter is configured to transmit a SCtransmission via the plurality of transmit chains over a DirectionalMulti-Gigabit (DMG) band.

Example 28 includes a method to be performed at a transmitter of awireless station, the method comprising distributing encoded bits of aPhysical Layer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) Service Data Unit (PSDU) toa plurality of spatial streams; mapping encoded bits of the plurality ofspatial streams into a respective plurality of streams of constellationsymbols according to a constellation scheme; encoding the plurality ofstreams of constellation symbols into Single Carrier (SC) symbol blocksover a plurality of space-time streams; and mapping the plurality ofspace-time streams to a plurality of transmit chains.

Example 29 includes the subject matter of Example 28, and optionally,comprising generating the encoded bits of the PSDU according to alow-density parity-check (LDPC) code.

Example 30 includes the subject matter of Example 29, and optionally,comprising encoding the PSDU into an LDPC codeword (CW) comprising ashort CW or a long CW, the short CW comprising 672 or 624 bits, and thelong CW comprising 1344 or 1248 bits.

Example 31 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 28-30, andoptionally, comprising inserting a plurality of Guard Interval (GI)sequences to the SC symbol blocks over the plurality of space-timestreams.

Example 32 includes the subject matter of Example 31, and optionally,wherein a GI of the GI sequences has a GI length of 32, 64 or 128samples.

Example 33 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 28-32, andoptionally, comprising performing a plurality of interleaving operationsto interleave symbols of respective ones of the plurality of streams ofconstellation symbols, an interleaving operation corresponding to astream of the plurality of streams to interleave, on a symbol basis,symbols of an SC symbol block of the stream of constellation symbols.

Example 34 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 28-33, andoptionally, wherein the plurality of spatial streams have a sameModulation and Coding Scheme (MCS).

Example 35 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 28-34, andoptionally, comprising transmitting an SC transmission over a bonded oran aggregated channel comprising a plurality of channels.

Example 36 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 28-35, andoptionally, comprising distributing the encoded bits of the PSDU to theplurality of spatial streams based on a round robin mechanism.

Example 37 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 28-36, andoptionally, wherein the plurality of spatial streams comprises no morethan 8 spatial streams.

Example 38 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 28-37, andoptionally, wherein a count of the plurality of space-time streams isdouble a count of the plurality of spatial streams.

Example 39 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 28-38, andoptionally, wherein the plurality of space-time streams comprises nomore than 8 space-time streams.

Example 40 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 28-39, andoptionally, comprising transmitting a SC transmission via the pluralityof transmit chains over a Directional Multi-Gigabit (DMG) band.

Example 41 includes a product comprising one or more tangiblecomputer-readable non-transitory storage media comprisingcomputer-executable instructions operable to, when executed by at leastone computer processor, enable the at least one computer processor tocause a transmitter of a wireless station to distribute encoded bits ofa Physical Layer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) Service Data Unit (PSDU)to a plurality of spatial streams; map encoded bits of the plurality ofspatial streams into a respective plurality of streams of constellationsymbols according to a constellation scheme; encode the plurality ofstreams of constellation symbols into Single Carrier (SC) symbol blocksover a plurality of space-time streams; and map the plurality ofspace-time streams to a plurality of transmit chains.

Example 42 includes the subject matter of Example 41, and optionally,wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the transmitter togenerate the encoded bits of the PSDU according to a low-densityparity-check (LDPC) code.

Example 43 includes the subject matter of Example 42, and optionally,wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the transmitter to encodethe PSDU into an LDPC codeword (CW) comprising a short CW or a long CW,the short CW comprising 672 or 624 bits, and the long CW comprising 1344or 1248 bits.

Example 44 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 41-43, andoptionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause thetransmitter to insert Guard Interval (GI) sequences to the SC symbolblocks over the plurality of space-time streams.

Example 45 includes the subject matter of Example 44, and optionally,wherein a GI of the GI sequences has a GI length of 32, 64 or 128samples.

Example 46 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 41-45, andoptionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause thetransmitter to perform a plurality of interleaving operations tointerleave symbols of respective ones of the plurality of streams ofconstellation symbols, an interleaving operation corresponding to astream of the plurality of streams to interleave, on a symbol basis,symbols of an SC symbol block of the stream of constellation symbols.

Example 47 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 41-46, andoptionally, wherein the plurality of spatial streams have a sameModulation and Coding Scheme (MCS).

Example 48 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 41-47, andoptionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause thetransmitter to transmit an SC transmission over a bonded or anaggregated channel comprising a plurality of channels.

Example 49 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 41-48, andoptionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause thetransmitter to distribute the encoded bits of the PSDU to the pluralityof spatial streams based on a round robin mechanism.

Example 50 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 41-49, andoptionally, wherein the plurality of spatial streams comprises no morethan 8 spatial streams.

Example 51 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 41-50, andoptionally, wherein a count of the plurality of space-time streams isdouble a count of the plurality of spatial streams.

Example 52 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 41-51, andoptionally, wherein the plurality of space-time streams comprises nomore than 8 space-time streams.

Example 53 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 41-52, andoptionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause thetransmitter to transmit a SC transmission via the plurality of transmitchains over a Directional Multi-Gigabit (DMG) band.

Example 54 includes an apparatus of wireless communication by atransmitter, the apparatus comprising means for distributing encodedbits of a Physical Layer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) Service Data Unit(PSDU) to a plurality of spatial streams; means for mapping encoded bitsof the plurality of spatial streams into a respective plurality ofstreams of constellation symbols according to a constellation scheme;means for encoding the plurality of streams of constellation symbolsinto Single Carrier (SC) symbol blocks over a plurality of space-timestreams; and means for mapping the plurality of space-time streams to aplurality of transmit chains.

Example 55 includes the subject matter of Example 54, and optionally,comprising means for generating the encoded bits of the PSDU accordingto a low-density parity-check (LDPC) code.

Example 56 includes the subject matter of Example 55, and optionally,comprising means for encoding the PSDU into an LDPC codeword (CW)comprising a short CW or a long CW, the short CW comprising 672 or 624bits, and the long CW comprising 1344 or 1248 bits.

Example 57 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 54-56, andoptionally, comprising means for inserting Guard Interval (GI) sequencesto the SC symbol blocks over the plurality of space-time streams.

Example 58 includes the subject matter of Example 57, and optionally,wherein a GI of the GI sequences has a GI length of 32, 64 or 128samples.

Example 59 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 54-58, andoptionally, comprising means for performing a plurality of interleavingoperations to interleave symbols of respective ones of the plurality ofstreams of constellation symbols, an interleaving operationcorresponding to a stream of the plurality of streams to interleave, ona symbol basis, symbols of an SC symbol block of the stream ofconstellation symbols.

Example 60 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 54-59, andoptionally, wherein the plurality of spatial streams have a sameModulation and Coding Scheme (MCS).

Example 61 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 54-60, andoptionally, comprising means for transmitting an SC transmission over abonded or an aggregated channel comprising a plurality of channels.

Example 62 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 54-61, andoptionally, comprising means for distributing the encoded bits of thePSDU to the plurality of spatial streams based on a round robinmechanism.

Example 63 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 54-62, andoptionally, wherein the plurality of spatial streams comprises no morethan 8 spatial streams.

Example 64 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 54-63, andoptionally, wherein a count of the plurality of space-time streams isdouble a count of the plurality of spatial streams.

Example 65 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 54-64, andoptionally, wherein the plurality of space-time streams comprises nomore than 8 space-time streams.

Example 66 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 54-65, andoptionally, comprising means for transmitting a SC transmission via theplurality of transmit chains over a Directional Multi-Gigabit (DMG)band.

Example 67 includes an apparatus of a Multi User (MU) Single Carrier(SC) Physical Layer (PHY) transmitter, the apparatus comprising aplurality of processing modules to process a respective plurality ofPhysical Layer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) Service Data Units (PSDUs)to be transmitted to a respective plurality of users, a processingmodule to process a PSDU of the plurality of PSDUs comprising a spatialstream parser to distribute encoded bits of the PSDU to a plurality ofspatial streams; a plurality of constellation mappers to map encodedbits of the plurality of spatial streams into a respective plurality ofstreams of constellation symbols according to a constellation scheme;and a Space Time Block Code (STBC) encoder to encode the plurality ofstreams of constellation symbols into SC symbol blocks over a pluralityof space-time streams; and a transmit beamforming module to map outputsof the plurality of processing modules to a plurality of transmitchains.

Example 68 includes the subject matter of Example 67, and optionally,wherein the processing module comprises an encoder to generate theencoded bits of the PSDU according to a low-density parity-check (LDPC)code.

Example 69 includes the subject matter of Example 68, and optionally,wherein the encoder is to encode the PSDU into an LDPC codeword (CW)comprising a short CW or a long CW, the short CW comprising 672 or 624bits, and the long CW comprising 1344 or 1248 bits.

Example 70 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 67-69, andoptionally, wherein the processing module comprises a plurality of GuardInterval (GI) inserters to insert GI sequences to the SC symbol blocksover the plurality of space-time streams.

Example 71 includes the subject matter of Example 70, and optionally,wherein a GI of the GI sequences has a GI length of 32, 64 or 128samples.

Example 72 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 67-71, andoptionally, wherein the processing module comprises a plurality ofinterleavers to interleave symbols of respective ones of the pluralityof streams of constellation symbols, an interleaver corresponding to astream of the plurality of streams to interleave, on a symbol basis,symbols of an SC symbol block of the stream of constellation symbols.

Example 73 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 67-72, andoptionally, wherein the plurality of spatial streams have a sameModulation and Coding Scheme (MCS).

Example 74 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 67-73, andoptionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to transmit an SCtransmission over a bonded or an aggregated channel comprising aplurality of channels.

Example 75 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 67-74, andoptionally, wherein the spatial stream parser is to distribute theencoded bits of the PSDU to the plurality of spatial streams based on around robin mechanism.

Example 76 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 67-75, andoptionally, wherein the plurality of processing modules comprises nomore than 16 processing modules.

Example 77 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 67-76, andoptionally, wherein the plurality of spatial streams comprises no morethan four spatial streams.

Example 78 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 67-77, andoptionally, wherein a total number of no more than 16 spatial streamsare to be processed by all of the plurality of processing modules.

Example 79 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 67-78, andoptionally, wherein a count of the plurality of space-time streams isdouble a count of the plurality of spatial streams.

Example 80 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 67-79, andoptionally, wherein the plurality of space-time streams comprises nomore than 8 space-time streams.

Example 81 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 67-80, andoptionally, wherein the apparatus is configured to transmit an SCtransmission via the plurality of transmit chains over a DirectionalMulti-Gigabit (DMG) band.

Example 82 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 67-81, andoptionally, comprising one or more antennas, a memory, and a processor.

Example 83 includes a system of wireless communication comprising awireless station, the wireless station comprising one or more antennas;a memory; a processor; and a Multi User (MU) Single Carrier (SC)Physical Layer (PHY) transmitter comprising a plurality of processingmodules to process a respective plurality of Physical Layer ConvergenceProcedure (PLCP) Service Data Units (PSDUs) to be transmitted to arespective plurality of users, a processing module to process a PSDU ofthe plurality of PSDUs comprising a spatial stream parser to distributeencoded bits of the PSDU to a plurality of spatial streams; a pluralityof constellation mappers to map encoded bits of the plurality of spatialstreams into a respective plurality of streams of constellation symbolsaccording to a constellation scheme; and a Space Time Block Code (STBC)encoder to encode the plurality of streams of constellation symbols intoSC symbol blocks over a plurality of space-time streams; and a transmitbeamforming module to map outputs of the plurality of processing modulesto a plurality of transmit chains.

Example 84 includes the subject matter of Example 83, and optionally,wherein the processing module comprises an encoder to generate theencoded bits of the PSDU according to a low-density parity-check (LDPC)code.

Example 85 includes the subject matter of Example 84, and optionally,wherein the encoder is to encode the PSDU into an LDPC codeword (CW)comprising a short CW or a long CW, the short CW comprising 672 or 624bits, and the long CW comprising 1344 or 1248 bits.

Example 86 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 83-85, andoptionally, wherein the processing module comprises a plurality of GuardInterval (GI) inserters to insert GI sequences to the SC symbol blocksover the plurality of space-time streams.

Example 87 includes the subject matter of Example 86, and optionally,wherein a GI of the GI sequences has a GI length of 32, 64 or 128samples.

Example 88 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 83-87, andoptionally, wherein the processing module comprises a plurality ofinterleavers to interleave symbols of respective ones of the pluralityof streams of constellation symbols, an interleaver corresponding to astream of the plurality of streams to interleave, on a symbol basis,symbols of an SC symbol block of the stream of constellation symbols.

Example 89 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 83-88, andoptionally, wherein the plurality of spatial streams have a sameModulation and Coding Scheme (MCS).

Example 90 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 83-89, andoptionally, wherein the transmitter is configured to transmit an SCtransmission over a bonded or an aggregated channel comprising aplurality of channels.

Example 91 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 83-90, andoptionally, wherein the spatial stream parser is to distribute theencoded bits of the PSDU to the plurality of spatial streams based on around robin mechanism.

Example 92 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 83-91, andoptionally, wherein the plurality of processing modules comprises nomore than 16 processing modules.

Example 93 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 83-92, andoptionally, wherein the plurality of spatial streams comprises no morethan four spatial streams.

Example 94 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 83-93, andoptionally, wherein a total number of no more than 16 spatial streamsare to be processed by all of the plurality of processing modules.

Example 95 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 83-94, andoptionally, wherein a count of the plurality of space-time streams isdouble a count of the plurality of spatial streams.

Example 96 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 83-95, andoptionally, wherein the plurality of space-time streams comprises nomore than 8 space-time streams.

Example 97 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 83-96, andoptionally, wherein the transmitter is configured to transmit an SCtransmission via the plurality of transmit chains over a DirectionalMulti-Gigabit (DMG) band.

Example 98 includes a method to be performed at a transmitter of awireless station, the method comprising performing a plurality ofprocessing procedures to process a respective plurality of PhysicalLayer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) Service Data Units (PSDUs) to betransmitted to a respective plurality of users, performing a processingprocedure to process a PSDU of the plurality of PSDUs comprisingdistributing encoded bits of the PSDU to a plurality of spatial streams;mapping encoded bits of the plurality of spatial streams into arespective plurality of streams of constellation symbols according to aconstellation scheme; and encoding the plurality of streams ofconstellation symbols into SC symbol blocks over a plurality ofspace-time streams according to a Space Time Block Code (STBC) encodingscheme; and mapping outputs of the plurality of processing procedures toa plurality of transmit chains.

Example 99 includes the subject matter of Example 98, and optionally,wherein performing the processing procedure comprises generating theencoded bits of the PSDU according to a low-density parity-check (LDPC)code.

Example 100 includes the subject matter of Example 99, and optionally,comprising encoding the PSDU into an LDPC codeword (CW) comprising ashort CW or a long CW, the short CW comprising 672 or 624 bits, and thelong CW comprising 1344 or 1248 bits.

Example 101 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 98-100,and optionally, wherein performing the processing procedure comprisesinserting a plurality of Guard Interval (GI) sequences to the SC symbolblocks over the plurality of space-time streams.

Example 102 includes the subject matter of Example 101, and optionally,wherein a GI of the GI sequences has a GI length of 32, 64 or 128samples.

Example 103 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 98-102,and optionally, wherein performing the processing procedure comprisesperforming a plurality of interleaving operations to interleave symbolsof respective ones of the plurality of streams of constellation symbols,an interleaving operation corresponding to a stream of the plurality ofstreams to interleave, on a symbol basis, symbols of an SC symbol blockof the stream of constellation symbols.

Example 104 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 98-103,and optionally, wherein the plurality of spatial streams have a sameModulation and Coding Scheme (MCS).

Example 105 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 98-104,and optionally, comprising transmitting an SC transmission over a bondedor an aggregated channel comprising a plurality of channels.

Example 106 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 98-105,and optionally, comprising distributing the encoded bits of the PSDU tothe plurality of spatial streams based on a round robin mechanism.

Example 107 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 98-106,and optionally, wherein performing the plurality of processingprocedures comprises performing no more than 16 processing procedures.

Example 108 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 98-107,and optionally, wherein the plurality of spatial streams comprises nomore than four spatial streams.

Example 109 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 98-108,and optionally, wherein a total number of no more than 16 spatialstreams are to be processed by all of the plurality of processingprocedures.

Example 110 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 98-109,and optionally, wherein a count of the plurality of space-time streamsis double a count of the plurality of spatial streams.

Example 111 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 98-110,and optionally, wherein the plurality of space-time streams comprises nomore than 8 space-time streams.

Example 112 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 98-111,and optionally, comprising transmitting an SC transmission via theplurality of transmit chains over a Directional Multi-Gigabit (DMG)band.

Example 113 includes a product comprising one or more tangiblecomputer-readable non-transitory storage media comprisingcomputer-executable instructions operable to, when executed by at leastone computer processor, enable the at least one computer processor tocause a transmitter of a wireless station to perform a plurality ofprocessing procedures to process a respective plurality of PhysicalLayer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) Service Data Units (PSDUs) to betransmitted to a respective plurality of users, performing a processingprocedure to process a PSDU of the plurality of PSDUs comprisingdistributing encoded bits of the PSDU to a plurality of spatial streams;mapping encoded bits of the plurality of spatial streams into arespective plurality of streams of constellation symbols according to aconstellation scheme; and encoding the plurality of streams ofconstellation symbols into SC symbol blocks over a plurality ofspace-time streams according to a Space Time Block Code (STBC) encodingscheme; and map outputs of the plurality of processing procedures to aplurality of transmit chains.

Example 114 includes the subject matter of Example 113, and optionally,wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the transmitter togenerate the encoded bits of the PSDU according to a low-densityparity-check (LDPC) code.

Example 115 includes the subject matter of Example 114, and optionally,wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the transmitter to encodethe PSDU into an LDPC codeword (CW) comprising a short CW or a long CW,the short CW comprising 672 or 624 bits, and the long CW comprising 1344or 1248 bits.

Example 116 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 113-115,and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause thetransmitter to insert a plurality of Guard Interval (GI) sequences tothe SC symbol blocks over the plurality of space-time streams.

Example 117 includes the subject matter of Example 116, and optionally,wherein a GI of the GI sequences has a GI length of 32, 64 or 128samples.

Example 118 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 113-117,and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause thetransmitter to perform a plurality of interleaving operations tointerleave symbols of respective ones of the plurality of streams ofconstellation symbols, an interleaving operation corresponding to astream of the plurality of streams to interleave, on a symbol basis,symbols of an SC symbol block of the stream of constellation symbols.

Example 119 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 113-118,and optionally, wherein the plurality of spatial streams have a sameModulation and Coding Scheme (MCS).

Example 120 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 113-119,and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause thetransmitter to transmit an SC transmission over a bonded or anaggregated channel comprising a plurality of channels.

Example 121 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 113-120,and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause thetransmitter to distribute the encoded bits of the PSDU to the pluralityof spatial streams based on a round robin mechanism.

Example 122 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 113-121,and optionally, wherein the plurality of processing procedures comprisesno more than 16 processing procedures.

Example 123 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 113-122,and optionally, wherein the plurality of spatial streams comprises nomore than four spatial streams.

Example 124 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 113-123,and optionally, wherein a total number of no more than 16 spatialstreams are to be processed by all of the plurality of processingprocedures.

Example 125 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 113-124,and optionally, wherein a count of the plurality of space-time streamsis double a count of the plurality of spatial streams.

Example 126 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 113-125,and optionally, wherein the plurality of space-time streams comprises nomore than 8 space-time streams.

Example 127 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 113-126,and optionally, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause thetransmitter to transmit an SC transmission via the plurality of transmitchains over a Directional Multi-Gigabit (DMG) band.

Example 128 includes an apparatus of wireless communication by atransmitter of a wireless station, the apparatus comprising means forperforming a plurality of processing procedures to process a respectiveplurality of Physical Layer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) Service DataUnits (PSDUs) to be transmitted to a respective plurality of users,performing a processing procedure to process a PSDU of the plurality ofPSDUs comprising distributing encoded bits of the PSDU to a plurality ofspatial streams; mapping encoded bits of the plurality of spatialstreams into a respective plurality of streams of constellation symbolsaccording to a constellation scheme; and encoding the plurality ofstreams of constellation symbols into SC symbol blocks over a pluralityof space-time streams according to a Space Time Block Code (STBC)encoding scheme; and means for mapping outputs of the plurality ofprocessing procedures to a plurality of transmit chains.

Example 129 includes the subject matter of Example 128, and optionally,wherein performing the processing procedure comprises generating theencoded bits of the PSDU according to a low-density parity-check (LDPC)code.

Example 130 includes the subject matter of Example 129, and optionally,comprising means for encoding the PSDU into an LDPC codeword (CW)comprising a short CW or a long CW, the short CW comprising 672 or 624bits, and the long CW comprising 1344 or 1248 bits.

Example 131 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 128-130,and optionally, wherein performing the processing procedure comprisesinserting a plurality of Guard Interval (GI) sequences to the SC symbolblocks over the plurality of space-time streams.

Example 132 includes the subject matter of Example 131, and optionally,wherein a GI of the GI sequences has a GI length of 32, 64 or 128samples.

Example 133 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 128-132,and optionally, wherein performing the processing procedure comprisesperforming a plurality of interleaving operations to interleave symbolsof respective ones of the plurality of streams of constellation symbols,an interleaving operation corresponding to a stream of the plurality ofstreams to interleave, on a symbol basis, symbols of an SC symbol blockof the stream of constellation symbols.

Example 134 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 128-133,and optionally, wherein the plurality of spatial streams have a sameModulation and Coding Scheme (MCS)

Example 135 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 128-134,and optionally, comprising means for transmitting an SC transmissionover a bonded or an aggregated channel comprising a plurality ofchannels.

Example 136 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 128-135,and optionally, comprising means for distributing the encoded bits ofthe PSDU to the plurality of spatial streams based on a round robinmechanism.

Example 137 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 128-136,and optionally, wherein performing the plurality of processingprocedures comprises performing no more than 16 processing procedures.

Example 138 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 128-137,and optionally, wherein the plurality of spatial streams comprises nomore than four spatial streams.

Example 139 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 128-138,and optionally, wherein a total number of no more than 16 spatialstreams are to be processed by all of the plurality of processingprocedures.

Example 140 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 128-139,and optionally, wherein a count of the plurality of space-time streamsis double a count of the plurality of spatial streams.

Example 141 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 128-140,and optionally, wherein the plurality of space-time streams comprises nomore than 8 space-time streams.

Example 142 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 128-141,and optionally, comprising means for transmitting an SC transmission viathe plurality of transmit chains over a Directional Multi-Gigabit (DMG)band.

Functions, operations, components and/or features described herein withreference to one or more embodiments, may be combined with, or may beutilized in combination with, one or more other functions, operations,components and/or features described herein with reference to one ormore other embodiments, or vice versa.

While certain features have been illustrated and described herein, manymodifications, substitutions, changes, and equivalents may occur tothose skilled in the art. It is, therefore, to be understood that theappended claims are intended to cover all such modifications and changesas fall within the true spirit of the disclosure.

What is claimed is:
 1. An apparatus of a Single User (SU) Single Carrier(SC) Physical Layer (PHY) transmitter, the apparatus comprising: aspatial stream parser to distribute encoded bits of a Physical LayerConvergence Procedure (PLCP) Service Data Unit (PSDU) to a plurality ofspatial streams; a plurality of constellation mappers to map encodedbits of the plurality of spatial streams into a respective plurality ofstreams of constellation symbols according to a constellation scheme; aSpace Time Block Code (STBC) encoder to encode the plurality of streamsof constellation symbols into SC symbol blocks over a plurality ofspace-time streams; and a transmit beamforming module to map theplurality of space-time streams to a plurality of transmit chains. 2.The apparatus of claim 1 comprising an encoder to generate the encodedbits of the PSDU according to a low-density parity-check (LDPC) code. 3.The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the encoder is to encode the PSDU intoan LDPC codeword (CW) comprising a short CW or a long CW, the short CWcomprising 672 or 624 bits, and the long CW comprising 1344 or 1248bits.
 4. The apparatus of claim 1 comprising a plurality of GuardInterval (GI) inserters to insert GI sequences to the SC symbol blocksover the plurality of space-time streams.
 5. The apparatus of claim 4,wherein a GI of the GI sequences has a GI length of 32, 64 or 128samples.
 6. The apparatus of claim 1 comprising a plurality ofinterleavers to interleave symbols of respective ones of the pluralityof streams of constellation symbols, an interleaver corresponding to astream of the plurality of streams to interleave, on a symbol basis,symbols of an SC symbol block of the stream of constellation symbols. 7.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality of spatial streams havea same Modulation and Coding Scheme (MCS).
 8. The apparatus of claim 1configured to transmit an SC transmission over a bonded or an aggregatedchannel comprising a plurality of channels.
 9. The apparatus of claim 1,wherein the plurality of spatial streams comprises no more than 8spatial streams.
 10. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein a count of theplurality of space-time streams is double a count of the plurality ofspatial streams.
 11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the plurality ofspace-time streams comprises no more than 8 space-time streams.
 12. Theapparatus of claim 1 configured to transmit a SC transmission via theplurality of transmit chains over a Directional Multi-Gigabit (DMG)band.
 13. The apparatus of claim 1 comprising one or more antennas, amemory, and a processor.
 14. A product comprising one or more tangiblecomputer-readable non-transitory storage media comprisingcomputer-executable instructions operable to, when executed by at leastone computer processor, enable the at least one computer processor tocause a transmitter of a wireless station to: distribute encoded bits ofa Physical Layer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) Service Data Unit (PSDU)to a plurality of spatial streams; map encoded bits of the plurality ofspatial streams into a respective plurality of streams of constellationsymbols according to a constellation scheme; encode the plurality ofstreams of constellation symbols into Single Carrier (SC) symbol blocksover a plurality of space-time streams; and map the plurality ofspace-time streams to a plurality of transmit chains.
 15. The product ofclaim 14, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the transmitterto generate the encoded bits of the PSDU according to a low-densityparity-check (LDPC) code.
 16. The product of claim 14, wherein theinstructions, when executed, cause the transmitter to insert GuardInterval (GI) sequences to the SC symbol blocks over the plurality ofspace-time streams.
 17. The product of claim 14, wherein theinstructions, when executed, cause the transmitter to transmit a SCtransmission via the plurality of transmit chains over a DirectionalMulti-Gigabit (DMG) band.
 18. An apparatus of a Multi User (MU) SingleCarrier (SC) Physical Layer (PHY) transmitter, the apparatus comprising:a plurality of processing modules to process a respective plurality ofPhysical Layer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) Service Data Units (PSDUs)to be transmitted to a respective plurality of users, a processingmodule to process a PSDU of the plurality of PSDUs comprising: a spatialstream parser to distribute encoded bits of the PSDU to a plurality ofspatial streams; a plurality of constellation mappers to map encodedbits of the plurality of spatial streams into a respective plurality ofstreams of constellation symbols according to a constellation scheme;and a Space Time Block Code (STBC) encoder to encode the plurality ofstreams of constellation symbols into SC symbol blocks over a pluralityof space-time streams; and a transmit beamforming module to map outputsof the plurality of processing modules to a plurality of transmitchains.
 19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein the processing modulecomprises an encoder to generate the encoded bits of the PSDU accordingto a low-density parity-check (LDPC) code.
 20. The apparatus of claim18, wherein the processing module comprises a plurality of GuardInterval (GI) inserters to insert GI sequences to the SC symbol blocksover the plurality of space-time streams.
 21. The apparatus of claim 18,wherein the processing module comprises a plurality of interleavers tointerleave symbols of respective ones of the plurality of streams ofconstellation symbols, an interleaver corresponding to a stream of theplurality of streams to interleave, on a symbol basis, symbols of an SCsymbol block of the stream of constellation symbols.
 22. The apparatusof claim 18, wherein the plurality of spatial streams have a sameModulation and Coding Scheme (MCS).
 23. The apparatus of claim 18comprising one or more antennas, a memory, and a processor.
 24. Aproduct comprising one or more tangible computer-readable non-transitorystorage media comprising computer-executable instructions operable to,when executed by at least one computer processor, enable the at leastone computer processor to cause a transmitter of a wireless station to:perform a plurality of processing procedures to process a respectiveplurality of Physical Layer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) Service DataUnits (PSDUs) to be transmitted to a respective plurality of users,performing a processing procedure to process a PSDU of the plurality ofPSDUs comprising: distributing encoded bits of the PSDU to a pluralityof spatial streams; mapping encoded bits of the plurality of spatialstreams into a respective plurality of streams of constellation symbolsaccording to a constellation scheme; and encoding the plurality ofstreams of constellation symbols into SC symbol blocks over a pluralityof space-time streams according to a Space Time Block Code (STBC)encoding scheme; and map outputs of the plurality of processingprocedures to a plurality of transmit chains.
 25. The product of claim24, wherein the instructions, when executed, cause the transmitter totransmit an SC transmission via the plurality of transmit chains over aDirectional Multi-Gigabit (DMG) band.